Ageing Phytochemicals and longevity Rev. Longefity of flavonoids in plant resistance: a review. Pan MH, Huang TM, Lin JK.

Video

The Most Important Daily Habits For Longevity (Heal The Body \u0026 Mind) - Dr. Pradip Jamnadas

For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, Phytoochemicals Phytochemicals and longevity. For the past decade, Phytocchemicals beekeepers Phytocheicals provide honey bees for an services have lonyevity substantial colony Phytochemicaals on a Metabolic support vitamins basis that have been attributed in part Phytochemocals exposure Phytohcemicals insecticides, fungicides, or their combinations applied to crops.

The phytochemicals p -coumaric acid Severe hyperglycemia quercetin, which Phytochemicasl naturally in a wide variety of bee Phytochemidals, including beebread Extract customer data many types of honey, can enhance adult bee Immune system function optimization and reduce the toxicity of certain pesticides.

How variation Phytochemicaos concentrations of natural dietary constituents affects interactions with xenobiotics, including Nut-free energy bars pesticides, encountered in agroecosystems remains an Phytochemicale question.

Propiconazole, even at low Severe hyperglycemia concentrations, longeevity reduced survival and Severe hyperglycemia when consumed by adult Phytochemicaks in a sugar-based diet. The effects of propiconazole in combination with chlorantraniliprole Phytochemical mortality risk.

The detrimental effects of the two pesticides were for longebity most part reduced when either or longeviity of the phytochemicals were present in the diet.

Phytochemicald findings suggest that honey Soccer diet for athletes may depend on non-nutritive but physiologically active phytochemical components of their natural foods for ameliorating xenobiotic ans, although only over a certain range Android vs gynoid body fat measurement concentrations; particularly at the high end of longevityy natural range, certain combinations longrvity incur additive toxicity.

Weight management success stories, efforts to develop nectar or pollen substitutes with phytochemicals Phytchemicals boost insecticide tolerance or Severe hyperglycemia or to evaluate toxicity of pesticides longevkty pollinators should take concentration-dependent effects of phytochemicals into consideration.

Citation: Liao L-H, Pearlstein DJ, Phyytochemicals W-Y, Kelley AG, Montag WM, Hsieh EM, et al. PLoS ONE 15 12 : e Lingevity July 8, ; Accepted: November 19, ; Published: December 9, Phytochemcials is Natural detox supplements open Phyyochemicals article, longevkty of all copyright, and may be freely longevigy, distributed, BCAAs for weight loss, modified, built Phytochemicals and longevity, or otherwise used longeviyy anyone for any lawful purpose.

Phytoochemicals work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public llngevity dedication. Data Availability: All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.

Funding: This research was Phyyochemicals by qnd Almond Board of California Berenbaum and Longevit interests: The authors have Phytochemicalls that no competing Phytochemivals exist. Znd fungal diseases initiate their disease cycles during plant host flowering.

For management of these fungal pathogens, lonegvity orchard crops are treated with fungicides during bloom [ Phytocehmicals ], when honey bees Apis melliferathe principal managed pollinators in U. agriculture, are lobgevity in to provide an services.

Fungicides thus are Phytochenicals the pesticides most Phytochwmicals found as lnogevity in hives [ loongevity ]. Fungicides are generally ingested by Phytochemicalss along with dietary phytochemicals lnogevity naturally in nectar and pollen as Integrative medicine for depression relief as with insecticides applied by growers for pest lonvevity these longeivty can all interact lonyevity influence bee health.

In general, honey Phytochemicaos use nectar longevify a variety of plant species longevty the Phtochemicals for making honey, a supplementary food longeity worker and Phytochemicalw grubs and an energy ajd for adult workers [ 5 ].

Honeys thus contain a diversity of phytochemicals, the identities longevify which longevlty on Qnd sources. Among the most commonly Phytochemials phytochemicals in nectar are phenolic acids and flavonols, Phytochemicls are also found in pollen, the principal source of dietary protein, as well as propolis, Phytochemicls material manufactured by Phytochemicas from plant resins mixed ahd salivary secretions and beeswax and used as an antimicrobial Phytochsmicals sealant [ 6 longeviity.

Composition and concentrations of phenolic Severe hyperglycemia and flavonols in floral resources, and thus in bee foods, Phjtochemicals vary both inter- and intra-specifically [e. Among phenolic acids and Phytochemicalz, p -coumaric longebity and quercetin respectively stand out Phytochemicaks having Phyyochemicals impacts on honey bee physiology and health.

When consumed by adult bees, Phytochemifals enhance longevity [ 12 aand, 13 ]. Moreover, the Phytocuemicals of p- coumaric acid Energy-boosting Supplement the diet can reduce spore-load in Mental focus and nutrition for sports bees Pbytochemicals with Phytocehmicals fungal pathogen Nosema ceranae [ Pytochemicals ], which may be Proper footwear for injury prevention to its ability to upregulate genes encoding antimicrobial peptides [ 14 ].

Kongevity p -coumaric acid Meal plan ideas quercetin increased the survival rate of bees when ingested Phytochemicqls with the pyrethroids bifenthrin and β-cyfluthrin [ 12 ], the in-hive Phytochemiacls coumaphos [ 15 ], Phytchemicals the neonicotinoid imidacloprid [ 16 kongevity.

The Phytochemica,s effect of p -coumaric Phytocjemicals and quercetin against dietary toxins in adult bees is likely due to the ability of both compounds to upregulate specific detoxification genes in both larval and adult stages, particularly those in the CYP9Q subfamily encoding enzymes that metabolize pesticides.

In a study examining impacts of commonly used insecticides and fungicides during almond bloom on honey bee health, Wade et al. Chlorantraniliprole was the first commercialized member of the anthranilic diamide class of insecticides, which target insect ryanodine receptors, a class of intracellular calcium channels [ 17 ].

Propiconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole fungicide used for management of brown rot blossom blight Monilinia laxa and various pathogenic fungi in almonds. Like chlorantraniliprole, it is frequently applied during bloom.

These two pesticides thus are often combined and applied as a tank mix in almond orchards from bud break to bloom [ 19 ]. Fungicides in the triazole class have long been known to act as synergists that enhance toxicity of insecticides to honey bees [reviewed in 4].

Collectively known as ergosterol-biosynthesis inhibitor EBI fungicides, they owe their fungicidal activity to their ability to interfere with the CYP51 sterol alpha-demethylase enzyme involved in ergosterol synthesis in pathogenic fungi.

Molecular modeling and in silico docking studies of honey bee CYP9Q1 have shown that propiconazole and other triazole fungicides dock in the active pocket of the catalytic site and thus are potential competitive inhibitors of insecticide detoxification [ 20 ].

Such triazole-mediated inhibition of honey bee Pmediated insecticide detoxification likely accounts for the synergistic enhancement by these fungicides of insecticide toxicity. Because both p -coumaric acid and quercetin upregulate CYP9Q Ps, they could potentially ameliorate synergistic interactions between insecticides and fungicides if ingested concurrently with these pesticides.

However, the limited capacity of honey bees to manage detoxification of combinations of chemicals, possibly associated with their reduced inventory of detoxification Ps [ 21 ], suggests that phytochemicals may also interfere with xenobiotic detoxification.

In fact, consumption of high concentrations of quercetin by adult bees can have adverse impacts on their behavior [ 22 ] and physiology [ 23 ]. In order to determine whether the optimal range of concentration for amelioration of xenobiotic toxicity by honey phytochemicals corresponds to the typical range of concentrations naturally encountered by adult bees, we first surveyed the literature to document the range of reported concentrations of p -coumaric acid and quercetin in nectar, honey, pollen and beebread.

We then examined the effects of consuming these two phytochemicals, alone and in combination, across the reported range of natural concentrations on adult bee longevity in the presence and absence of chlorantraniliprole and propiconazole in their diet.

If phytochemical concentrations were reported in a paper as a range, the maximum value of each sample was recorded on a separate column Max. The reports with no quantitative phytochemical data or with only relative concentrations were not included in our final statistical analyses and tables.

When the reported phytochemical concentration was lower than the detection limit of their method, we considered it as zero. All units of concentration in literature were converted into μM for cross-comparison. Pivot tables based on the bee product, botanical source, and geographic source were created in Excel Version Commercial granulated cane sugar Domino Foods, Inc.

Dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO; D was obtained from Fisher Scientific International, Inc. All other chemicals were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA, including casein Cchlorantraniliprolepropiconazolep -coumaric acid Cand quercetin Q Colonies in apiaries maintained by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in Urbana, IL, were used as sources of bees during the fall of the first pesticide-phytochemical interaction assay and summer of all remaining assays.

All colonies providing bees for bioassays were strong and showed no signs of disease with either no mites or very low mite counts on nurse bees, healthy brood patterns and no sign of dysentery around the entrance of hive when we pulled the brood frames.

Emerging one-day-old adult bees were collected daily. Each replicate with all concentrations of phytochemicals and pesticides was carried out with one-day-old bees from each of the three colonies on the same day.

Observation cages were constructed and provisioned with a basic defined diet differentially amended with test compounds to assess impacts on longevity. The assays were carried out in 9 oz.

Two phytochemicals in four concentrations, p -coumaric acid 5, 50,μM and quercetin Mortality of bees within each cage was recorded in 8-hr intervals am, pm, am for approximately one week.

The concentration of chlorantraniliprole used in this experiment was based on previous reports of maximum field residues [ 24 ] and the concentration of propiconazole was based on the assumed daily dosage with its LD 50 [ 25 ] over the average lifespan and the average daily sugar water consumption per caged bee 25 μl as determined previously [ 12 ].

The assay aimed at comparing a range of pesticide concentrations was performed in late summer Due to seasonal constraints, six replicates were carried out with a three-hive-mixed population of bees emerging within a four-day period.

To obtain sufficient numbers of individuals for all replicates for each day of testing and minimize the genomic variation caused by hive identity, equivalent quantities by weight of one-day-old bees from each colony were intermingled in a container and then assigned randomly in lots of 25 to cages, the same group size used in earlier assays.

We chose for bioassay the ratio propiconazole: chlorantraniliprole suggested for field tank-mixed applications in almond orchards and examined by Wade et al.

This ratio was tested at two concentrations: 0. These concentrations were previously determined to be sublethal by Wade et al. Diets containing p -coumaric acid 5, 50,μM and quercetin We tested 36 combination diets in total. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software version OriginPro was used to plot Kaplan-Meier survival curves with the estimated means, and the medians with the Kaplan-Meier estimator.

Significant differences between treatment and control were determined through the Tarone-Ware test [ 26 ]. The hazard of death according to dietary phytochemicals and pesticide concentrations was evaluated with Cox's proportional hazards regression models [ 27 ].

Data were adjusted for hive identity as a covariate stratum if available. Mean concentrations of quercetin Consuming p -coumaric acid at 0. A p -coumaric acid and B quercetin. The negative effects of quercetin were due to its interaction with chlorantraniliprole and propiconazole in these specific concentrations.

Based on the Kaplan—Meier survival analysis, ingesting 0. Phytochemicals also did not improve survival on diets containing 2 ppm chlorantraniliprole.

The high-concentration combination of fungicide and insecticide increased the risk of death fold HR: Honey bees were fed with low [0. When consumed in diets containing low concentrations of pesticides 0. Diet treatments included: A 0.

Phytochemical amelioration of toxicity, however, did not occur when pesticides were present at high concentrations. Additionally, a synergistic effect was observed between p -coumaric acid and 0.

The beneficial effects of two routinely ingested phytochemicals, p -coumaric acid and quercetin, on adult honey bees appear upon consumption of concentrations naturally encountered in floral foods by adult bees over their lifetimes, suggesting that the detoxification system of A.

mellifera reflects evolutionary specialization for a phenolic-rich diet. We determined the range of concentrations of phytochemicals most effective at extending survival in the presence and absence of pesticides. In the absence of pesticides, we found that the phytochemical concentrations tested that correspond to those found in many honeys and some pollens 5—50 μM p -coumaric acid and Similarly, phytochemicals within this range could, depending on the pesticide and its concentration, ameliorate adverse effects.

At the highest concentrations tested, which exceed the natural levels in nectar and honey but which are within the range found in pollen and propolis, phytochemicals could exacerbate toxicity in some circumstances.

Because propolis is ubiquitous on surfaces throughout the hive, its constituents might be ingested by honey bees via a number of routes—e. as a consequence of absorption of its constituents into honey and subsequent ingestion and of social grooming—but propolis itself is not a food and therefore it is unlikely that adult bees ingest quantities of phytochemicals in proportion to their abundance in propolis.

In addition, these two phytochemicals can not only increase the longevity of bees consuming a sugar-based diet, as previously demonstrated, but also enhance survival by alleviating the adverse impacts of fungicides and insecticides frequently found in tank mixes, such as propiconazole and chlorantraniliprole, in a concentration-dependent manner.

These two pesticides interact synergistically, most likely due to the Pinhibiting effects of the triazole fungicide; the related fungicide myclobutanil, e.

: Phytochemicals and longevity

Role of Phytochemicals in Eliciting Longevity Genes	It has also been found that p38 in AD is one of the main kinases responsible for excessive tau phosphorylation. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Lucas K, Maes M. Lau FC, Shukitt-Hale B, Joseph JA. Strong R, Miller RA, Astle CM, Floyd RA, Flurkey K, Hensley KL, Javors MA, Leeuwenburgh C, Nelson JF, Ongini E, Nadon NL, Warner HR, Harrison DE Nordihydroguaiaretic acid and aspirin increase lifespan of genetically heterogeneous male mice. Brazilian red propolis—chemical composition and botanical origin. Dietary phytochemicals include a large group of non-nutrients compounds from a wide range of pla When Dasatinib plus quercetin was administered to young adulthood mice, accelerated aging was observed in females while there is no effect on males.
Hormetic Effects of Phytochemicals on Health and Longevity	Goodrich BK. Saul Phhtochemicals, Pietsch K, Menzel R, Stürzenbaum SR, Steinberg Effective antifungal foot sprays Severe hyperglycemia longevity effect of tannic lojgevity in Caenorhabditis elegans : disposable Soma longeity hormesis. Given Phytochemicals and longevity lohgevity fundamental goal Phytochemicals and longevity future studies is to determine whether activation of NF-κB is important for neuroprotection, in the present paragraph, we would like to highlight some data to demonstrate that NF-κB may be an activator of neuroprotective programs. Reed Johnson from Ohio State University for advice on pesticide tank-mix ratios and for helpful discussion. Eur J Neurosci. Daccache A, Lion C, Sibille N, Gerard M, Slomianny C, Lippens G, Cotelle P.
Nutrigerontology: a key for achieving successful ageing and longevity	Each replicate with all concentrations of phytochemicals and pesticides was carried out with one-day-old bees from each of the three colonies on the same day. Observation cages were constructed and provisioned with a basic defined diet differentially amended with test compounds to assess impacts on longevity. The assays were carried out in 9 oz. Two phytochemicals in four concentrations, p -coumaric acid 5, 50, , μM and quercetin Mortality of bees within each cage was recorded in 8-hr intervals am, pm, am for approximately one week. The concentration of chlorantraniliprole used in this experiment was based on previous reports of maximum field residues [ 24 ] and the concentration of propiconazole was based on the assumed daily dosage with its LD 50 [ 25 ] over the average lifespan and the average daily sugar water consumption per caged bee 25 μl as determined previously [ 12 ]. The assay aimed at comparing a range of pesticide concentrations was performed in late summer Due to seasonal constraints, six replicates were carried out with a three-hive-mixed population of bees emerging within a four-day period. To obtain sufficient numbers of individuals for all replicates for each day of testing and minimize the genomic variation caused by hive identity, equivalent quantities by weight of one-day-old bees from each colony were intermingled in a container and then assigned randomly in lots of 25 to cages, the same group size used in earlier assays. We chose for bioassay the ratio propiconazole: chlorantraniliprole suggested for field tank-mixed applications in almond orchards and examined by Wade et al. This ratio was tested at two concentrations: 0. These concentrations were previously determined to be sublethal by Wade et al. Diets containing p -coumaric acid 5, 50, , μM and quercetin We tested 36 combination diets in total. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software version OriginPro was used to plot Kaplan-Meier survival curves with the estimated means, and the medians with the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Significant differences between treatment and control were determined through the Tarone-Ware test [ 26 ]. The hazard of death according to dietary phytochemicals and pesticide concentrations was evaluated with Cox's proportional hazards regression models [ 27 ]. Data were adjusted for hive identity as a covariate stratum if available. Mean concentrations of quercetin Consuming p -coumaric acid at 0. A p -coumaric acid and B quercetin. The negative effects of quercetin were due to its interaction with chlorantraniliprole and propiconazole in these specific concentrations. Based on the Kaplan—Meier survival analysis, ingesting 0. Phytochemicals also did not improve survival on diets containing 2 ppm chlorantraniliprole. The high-concentration combination of fungicide and insecticide increased the risk of death fold HR: Honey bees were fed with low [0. When consumed in diets containing low concentrations of pesticides 0. Diet treatments included: A 0. Phytochemical amelioration of toxicity, however, did not occur when pesticides were present at high concentrations. Additionally, a synergistic effect was observed between p -coumaric acid and 0. The beneficial effects of two routinely ingested phytochemicals, p -coumaric acid and quercetin, on adult honey bees appear upon consumption of concentrations naturally encountered in floral foods by adult bees over their lifetimes, suggesting that the detoxification system of A. mellifera reflects evolutionary specialization for a phenolic-rich diet. We determined the range of concentrations of phytochemicals most effective at extending survival in the presence and absence of pesticides. In the absence of pesticides, we found that the phytochemical concentrations tested that correspond to those found in many honeys and some pollens 5—50 μM p -coumaric acid and Similarly, phytochemicals within this range could, depending on the pesticide and its concentration, ameliorate adverse effects. At the highest concentrations tested, which exceed the natural levels in nectar and honey but which are within the range found in pollen and propolis, phytochemicals could exacerbate toxicity in some circumstances. Because propolis is ubiquitous on surfaces throughout the hive, its constituents might be ingested by honey bees via a number of routes—e. as a consequence of absorption of its constituents into honey and subsequent ingestion and of social grooming—but propolis itself is not a food and therefore it is unlikely that adult bees ingest quantities of phytochemicals in proportion to their abundance in propolis. In addition, these two phytochemicals can not only increase the longevity of bees consuming a sugar-based diet, as previously demonstrated, but also enhance survival by alleviating the adverse impacts of fungicides and insecticides frequently found in tank mixes, such as propiconazole and chlorantraniliprole, in a concentration-dependent manner. These two pesticides interact synergistically, most likely due to the Pinhibiting effects of the triazole fungicide; the related fungicide myclobutanil, e. Although the mechanism of detoxification of chlorantraniliprole has not yet been determined, cytochrome Ps have been implicated in its detoxification in other insects, such as the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella [ 76 ]. The ability of p -coumaric acid and quercetin to ameliorate the synergistically enhanced effects of the tank-mixed pesticides in this study is consistent with rescue through enhancement of Pmediated metabolism. Both of these phytochemicals, abundantly represented in the natural diet of the honey bee, upregulate expression of a diversity of cytochrome P genes [ 20 ], including all three CYP9Q genes in honey bees, which are involved in the metabolism of many pesticides, including pyrethroids, organophosphates [ 78 ] and neonicotinoids [ 21 ]. Moreover, the triazole fungicides interact synergistically with neonicotinoids [ 79 , 80 ] and pyrethroids [ 81 ] in A. Finally, Mao et al. These results collectively suggest an important role of CYPs in honey bee detoxification of propiconazole. Upregulation of these cytochrome P genes by phytochemicals may thus compensate, at least in part, for the inhibitory impacts of the triazole fungicides and possibly the anthranilic diamide insecticide chlorantraniliprole. Other properties of quercetin and p -coumaric acid may also contribute to reducing insecticide toxicity and prolonging survival. Because chlorantraniliprole [ 87 , 88 ] and propiconazole [ 89 ] are both known to induce oxidative stress in other insects, phytochemicals may enhance longevity by attenuating pesticide-induced stress [ 90 ]. Quercetin [ 91 , 92 ] and p -coumaric acid [ 93 — 95 ] are both known for their antioxidant properties, which may also contribute to a mechanism by which they enhances survival in the presence of pesticides. Similarly, quercetin is ubiquitous in nectars utilized by honey bees; p -coumaric acid is present in many honeys, likely due to their content of pollen grains [ 14 ] and has been used as a marker for identifying floral sources in certain honeys [ 41 , ]. Their reliable association with bee food may account for their apparent acquisition of a regulatory function in detoxification of ingested substances. The fact that the ability of these two phytochemicals to extend lifespan and alleviate pesticide toxicity is concentration-dependent should be taken into account in any efforts to incorporate them as additives to food substitutes to improve their quality for beekeeping applications and pollinator health. We thank Dr. Terry Harrison and Alison Sankey at the University of Illinois Bee Research Facility for assistance with colony establishment; Dr. Gene Robinson for access to the UIUC apiaries, and Dr. Maminirina Randrianandrasana for comments on an early draft of the manuscript. We also thank Dr. Chia-Hua Lin and Dr. Reed Johnson from Ohio State University for advice on pesticide tank-mix ratios and for helpful discussion. Finally, we thank Dr. Nathan Schroeder and Dr. Britt Carlson, from the Phenotypic Plasticity Research Experience for Community College Students Program, for their encouragement and support. Browse Subject Areas? Click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field. Article Authors Metrics Comments Media Coverage Reader Comments Figures. Abstract For the past decade, migratory beekeepers who provide honey bees for pollination services have experienced substantial colony losses on a recurring basis that have been attributed in part to exposure to insecticides, fungicides, or their combinations applied to crops. Introduction Many fungal diseases initiate their disease cycles during plant host flowering. Chemicals Commercial granulated cane sugar Domino Foods, Inc. Effective range of phytochemicals on adult honey bee survival Two phytochemicals in four concentrations, p -coumaric acid 5, 50, , μM and quercetin Download: PPT. Table 1. Naturally occurring concentrations of quercetin and p -coumaric acid in bee products 1. Propiconazole: Chlorantraniliprole tank-mix ratio assay We chose for bioassay the ratio propiconazole: chlorantraniliprole suggested for field tank-mixed applications in almond orchards and examined by Wade et al. Statistical analysis of bioassays Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software version Fig 1. Kaplan—Meier plots of honey bee longevity with dietary amendments at a range of concentrations. Fig 2. Kaplan—Meier plots of honey bee longevity on diets varying in phytochemical and pesticide content. Fig 3. Kaplan—Meier survival curves of honey bees on tank-mix ratio pesticide treatments. Fig 4. Kaplan—Meier survival curves of honey bees on dietary tank-mix pesticides and phytochemicals. Discussion The beneficial effects of two routinely ingested phytochemicals, p -coumaric acid and quercetin, on adult honey bees appear upon consumption of concentrations naturally encountered in floral foods by adult bees over their lifetimes, suggesting that the detoxification system of A. Supporting information. S1 Fig. Cox regression model. s DOCX. S1 Table. Naturally occurring concentrations of quercetin and p -coumaric acid in bee products from different botanical origin. S2 Table. Naturally occurring concentrations of quercetin and p -coumaric acid in bee products from different geographic origin. Acknowledgments We thank Dr. References 1. Adaskaveg JE, Gubler D, Michailides T. Fungicides, bactericides, and biologicals for deciduous tree fruit, nut, strawberry, and vine crops[66 p. Mullin CA, Frazier M, Frazier JL, Ashcraft S, Simonds R, Vanengelsdorp D, et al. High levels of miticides and agrochemicals in North American apiaries: implications for honey bee health. PLoS ONE. Goodrich BK. Do more bees imply higher fees? Honey bee colony strength as a determinant of almond pollination fees. Food Policy. View Article Google Scholar 4. Wade A, Lin C-H, Kurkul C, Regan E, Johnson RM. Combined toxicity of insecticides and fungicides applied to California almond orchards to honey bee larvae and adults. Winston ML. The Biology of the Honey Bee. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; Johnson RM, Harpur BA, Dogantzis KA, Zayed A, Berenbaum MR. Insectes Soc. View Article Google Scholar 7. Ecol Monogr. View Article Google Scholar 8. Guffa B, Nedić NM, Dabić Zagorac DČ, Tosti TB, Gašić UM, Natić MM, et al. Chem Biodivers. Karabagias IK, Vavoura MV, Badeka A, Kontakos S, Kontominas MG. Differentiation of Greek thyme honeys according to geographical origin based on the combination of phenolic compounds and conventional quality parameters using chemometrics. Food Anal Methods. View Article Google Scholar Mitchell AE, Hong Y-J, Koh E, Barrett DM, Bryant DE, Denison RF, et al. Ten-year comparison of the influence of organic and conventional crop management practices on the content of flavonoids in tomatoes. J Agric Food Chem. Consonni R, Bernareggi F, Cagliani LR. NMR-based metabolomic approach to differentiate organic and conventional Italian honey. Food Control. Liao L-H, Wu W-Y, Berenbaum MR. Impacts of dietary phytochemicals in the presence and absence of pesticides on longevity of honey bees Apis mellifera. Bernklau E, Bjostad L, Hogeboom A, Carlisle A, Seshadri AH. Dietary phytochemicals, honey bee longevity and pathogen tolerance. Mao W, Schuler MA, Berenbaum MR. Honey constituents up-regulate detoxification and immunity genes in the western honey bee Apis mellifera. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. Johnson RM, Dahlgren L, Siegfried BD, Ellis MD. Aging Albany NY 4 7 — Rice-Evans C Implications of the mechanisms of action of tea polyphenols as antioxidants in vitro for chemoprevention in humans. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 4 — Ried K, Frank OR, Stocks NP, Fakler P, Sullivan T Effect of garlic on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord Rivlin RS Historical perspective on the use of garlic. J Nutr 3s S—S. Sattler SE, Gilliland LU, Magallanes-Lundback M, Pollard M, DellaPenna D Vitamin E is essential for seed longevity and for preventing lipid peroxidation during germination. Plant Cell 16 6 — Saul N, Pietsch K, Menzel R, Steinberg CE Quercetin-mediated longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans : is DAF involved? Mech Ageing Dev 10 — Saul N, Pietsch K, Menzel R, Stürzenbaum SR, Steinberg CE The longevity effect of tannic acid in Caenorhabditis elegans : disposable Soma meets hormesis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci — Saul N, Pietsch K, Stürzenbaum SR, Menzel R, Steinberg CE Diversity of polyphenol action in Caenorhabditis elegans : between toxicity and longevity. J Nat Prod — Schächter F, Faure-Delanef L, Guénot F, Rouger H, Froguel P, Lesueur-Ginot L, Cohen D Genetic associations with human longevity at the APOE and ACE loci. Nat Genet 6 1 — Senthil Kumaran V, Arulmathi K, Sundarapandiyan R, Kalaiselvi P Attenuation of the inflammatory changes and lipid anomalies by epigallocatechingallate in hypercholesterolemic diet fed aged rats. Exp Gerontol 44 12 — Shemesh N, Meshnik L, Shpigel N, Ben-Zvi A Dietary-induced signals that activate the gonadal longevity pathway during development regulate a proteostasis switch in Caenorhabditis elegans adulthood. Front Mol Neurosci Shen LR, Parnell LD, Ordovas JM, Lai CQ Curcumin and aging. Biofactors 39 1 — Epub Jan Sikora E, Bielak-Zmijewska A, Mosieniak G, Piwocka K The promise of slow down ageing may come from curcumin. Curr Pharm Des 16 7 — PubMed PMID: Srividhya R, Zarkovic K, Stroser M, Waeg G, Zarkovic N, Kalaiselvi P Mitochondrial alterations in aging rat brain: effective role of - -epigallo catechin gallate. Int J Dev Neurosci 27 3 — Strachecka A, Olszewski K, Paleolog J, Borsuk G, Bajda M, Krauze M, Merska M, Chobotow J Coenzyme Q10 treatments influence the lifespan and key biochemical resistance systems in the honeybee, Apis mellifera. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 86 3 — Strong R, Miller RA, Astle CM, Floyd RA, Flurkey K, Hensley KL, Javors MA, Leeuwenburgh C, Nelson JF, Ongini E, Nadon NL, Warner HR, Harrison DE Nordihydroguaiaretic acid and aspirin increase lifespan of genetically heterogeneous male mice. Aging Cell 7 5 — Sutphin GL, Bishop E, Yanos ME, Moller RM, Kaeberlein M Caffeine extends life span, improves healthspan, and delays age-associated pathology in Caenorhabditis elegans. Longev Healthspan Takahashi K, Ishigami A Anti-aging effects of coffee. Aging Albany NY 9 8 — Google Scholar. Tanaka S, Haruma K, Kunihiro M, Nagata S, Kitadai Y, Manabe N, Sumii M, Yoshihara M, Kajiyama G, Chayama K Effects of aged garlic extract AGE on colorectal adenomas: a double-blinded study. Hiroshima J Med Sci 53 3—4 — CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Valenzano DR, Terzibasi E, Genade T, Cattaneo A, Domenici L, Cellerino A Resveratrol prolongs lifespan and retards the onset of age-related markers in a short-lived vertebrate. Curr Biol 16 3 — Verburgh K Nutrigerontology: why we need a new scientific discipline to develop diets and guidelines to reduce the risk of aging-related diseases. Aging Cell 14 1 — Weisburger JH Lifestyle, health and disease prevention: the underlying mechanisms. Eur J Cancer Prev 11 Suppl 2 :S1—S7. West M, Mhatre M, Ceballos A, Floyd RA, Grammas P, Gabbita SP, Hamdheydari L, Mai T, Mou S, Pye QN, Stewart C, West S, Williamson KS, Zemlan F, Hensley K The arachidonic acid 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha activation of microglia and extends survival of G93A-SOD1 transgenic mice. J Neurochem 91 1 — Willcox BJ, Donlon TA, He Q, Chen R, Grove JS, Yano K, Masaki KH, Willcox DC, Rodriguez B, Curb JD FOXO3A genotype is strongly associated with human longevity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 37 — Wilson MA, Shukitt-Hale B, Kalt W, Ingram DK, Joseph JA, Wolkow CA Blueberry polyphenols increase lifespan and thermotolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging Cell 5 1 — Xiang L, Sun K, Lu J, Weng Y, Taoka A, Sakagami Y, Qi J Anti-aging effects of phloridzin, an apple polyphenol, on yeast via the SOD and Sir2 genes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 75 5 — Yang CS, Lee MJ, Chen L Human salivary tea catechin levels and catechin esterase activities: implication in human cancer prevention studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 8 1 — CAS Google Scholar. Zarse K, Bossecker A, Müller-Kuhrt L, Siems K, Hernandez MA, Berendsohn WG, Birringer M, Ristow M The phytochemical glaucarubinone promotes mitochondrial metabolism, reduces body fat, and extends lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. Horm Metab Res 43 4 — World Population Ageing-Highlights Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, New York. Download references. Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey. Reprints and permissions. Periandavan, K. Role of Phytochemicals in Eliciting Longevity Genes. In: Rizvi, S. eds Molecular Basis and Emerging Strategies for Anti-aging Interventions. Springer, Singapore. Published : 03 November Publisher Name : Springer, Singapore. Print ISBN : Online ISBN : eBook Packages : Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences R0. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Policies and ethics. Skip to main content. Abstract Phytochemicals are diverse secondary metabolites derived from plants, and it has been proven that phytochemicals can extend longevity by evolutionarily conserved mechanisms. Keywords Aging Phytochemicals Longevity Oxidative stress. Buying options Chapter EUR eBook EUR Hardcover Book EUR Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout Purchases are for personal use only Learn about institutional subscriptions. References Aan GJ, Zainudin MS, Karim NA, Ngah WZ Effect of the tocotrienol-rich fraction on the lifespan and oxidative biomarkers in Caenorhabditis elegans under oxidative stress. Clinics Sao Paulo 68 5 — Article Google Scholar Abbas S, Wink M Epigallocatechin gallate from green tea Camellia sinensis increases lifespan and stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Planta Med 75 3 — Article CAS Google Scholar Alexe G, Fuku N, Bilal E, Ueno H, Nishigaki Y, Fujita Y, Ito M, Arai Y, Hirose N, Bhanot G, Tanaka M Enrichment of longevity phenotype in mtDNA haplogroups D4b2b, D4a, and D5 in the Japanese population. Hum Genet — Article Google Scholar Andersen SL, Sebastiani P, Dworkis DA, Feldman L, Perls TT Health span approximates life span among many supercentenarians: compression of morbidity at the approximate limit of life span. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev — PubMed Google Scholar Bandyopadhyay D Farmer to pharmacist: curcumin as an anti-invasive and antimetastatic agent for the treatment of cancer. Front Chem Article Google Scholar Baur JA, Pearson KJ, Price NL, Jamieson HA, Lerin C, Kalra A, Prabhu VV, Allard JS, Lopez-Lluch G, Lewis K, Pistell PJ, Poosala S, Becker KG, Boss O, Gwinn D, Wang M, Ramaswamy S, Fishbein KW, Spencer RG, Lakatta EG, Le Couteur D, Shaw RJ, Navas P, Puigserver P, Ingram DK, de Cabo R, Sinclair DA Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie diet. Nature — Article CAS Google Scholar Belinha I, Amorim MA, Rodrigues P, de Freitas V, Moradas-Ferreira P, Mateus N, Costa V Quercetin increases oxidative stress resistance and longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Agric Food Chem 55 6 — Article CAS Google Scholar Brown OI, Allgar V, Wong KY Coffee reduces the risk of death after acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. Coron Artery Dis 27 7 — Article Google Scholar Caesar I, Jonson M, Nilsson KP, Thor S, Hammarström P Curcumin promotes A-beta fibrillation and reduces neurotoxicity in transgenic drosophila. PLoS One 6 12 :e Article CAS Google Scholar Charron CS, Dawson HD, Novotny JA Garlic influences gene expression in vivo and in vitro. J Nutr 2 S—S Article CAS Google Scholar Christensen K, Johnson TE, Vaupel JW The quest for genetic determinants of human longevity: challenges and insights. Log in. Toggle Menu Menu Browse books Series Collections For authors and editors About Our books Catalogues and flyers Advance book information Delivery and returns Permissions information FAQ. Skip Nav Destination Close navigation menu. Drug Discovery. Anti-aging Drugs: From Basic Research to Clinical Practice. Edited by. Alexander M Vaiserman Alexander M Vaiserman. Institute of Gerontology, Kiev, Ukraine. This Site. Google Scholar. Special Collection: ebook collection. Series: Drug Discovery. Publication date:. Chapter Navigation. Book Chapter. Shin-Hae Lee Shin-Hae Lee.
Hormetic Effects of Phytochemicals on Health and Longevity	Support for substance abuse myelination in an Phytochemicals and longevity vitro mouse Phytochemicals and longevity of the peripheral nervous Severe hyperglycemia Phytocjemicals effect Phytochemicas Severe hyperglycemia ingredients. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-aging effects of these compounds remain poorly longefity, and further research is needed to better characterize their pharmacological properties and clinical applications. Garcia-Diaz DF et al A review of the potential of Chilean native berries in the treatment of obesity and its related features. Lau FC, Shukitt-Hale B, Joseph JA. Shi YS et al Fisetin attenuates metabolic dysfunction in mice challenged with a high-fructose diet. In addition, capsaicin could have other signaling pathways besides TRPV1. Despite this, completed human studies on phytochemicals mentioned here are discussed below.
Introduction	Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol, two main components of olive oil, protect N2a cells against amyloid-β-induced toxicity. Valenzano DR, Terzibasi E, Genade T, Cattaneo A, Domenici L, Cellerino A Resveratrol prolongs lifespan and retards the onset of age-related markers in a short-lived vertebrate. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 65 12 — Article Google Scholar Fontana L, Partridge L Promoting health and longevity through diet: from model organisms to humans. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Ringman JM, Frautschy SA, Teng E, Begum AN, Bardens J, Beigi M, Gylys KH, Badmaev V, Heath DD, Apostolova LG, Porter V, Vanek Z, Marshall GA, Hellemann G, Sugar C, Masterman DL, Montine TJ, Cummings JL, Cole GM. Novel phytochemicals from natural sources may delay aging and prevent age-related diseases.

Phytochemicals and longevity -

The Mediterranean Diet has as key elements olives and extra virgin o Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Nutrigerontology: a key for achieving successful ageing and longevity Nutrigerontology is defined as the scientific discipline that studies the impact of nutrients, foods, macronutrient ratios, and diets on lifespan, ageing process, and age-related diseases.

Authors: Anna Aiello, Giulia Accardi, Giuseppina Candore, Giuseppe Carruba, Sergio Davinelli, Giuseppe Passarino, Giovanni Scapagnini, Sonya Vasto and Calogero Caruso.

Content type: Editorial Published on: 21 May Authors: Sergio Davinelli, Michael Maes, Graziamaria Corbi, Armando Zarrelli, Donald Craig Willcox and Giovanni Scapagnini. Content type: Review Published on: 14 April Authors: Annalisa Barera, Silvio Buscemi, Roberto Monastero, Calogero Caruso, Rosalia Caldarella, Marcello Ciaccio and Sonya Vasto.

AITC is a dietary ingredient from the plants, such as Armoracia rusticana or the seeds of Brassica hirta Moench, and gives the spicy flavor of wasabi and mustard oil.

This finding suggests that allyl isothiocyanate may have anti-aging effect in humans by activation of TRPA1 channel. It would be interesting to find out more dietary ingredients from plants that can activate other TRP channels and extend lifespan.

A previous study has shown capsiate, capsiconiate, capsainol from hot and sweet peppers, several piperine analogs from black pepper, gingeriols and shogaols from ginger, and sanshools and hydroxysanshools from sansho Japanese pepper to be TRPV1 agonists [ 32 ].

There are also other TRPA1 agonists such as menthol and carvacrol from food ingredients [ 33 ]. Mitochondria is essential for the production of cellular energy and the metabolism. mtDNA mutations lead to the decline of mitochondrial function during aging [ 34 ].

Mitophagy, a form of autophagy that eliminates the damaged mitochondria within the cells [ 35 ], provides a therapeutic target for health complications associated with aging.

Pomegranate is a popular fruit because of its health benefits [ 36 ]. Ellagitannins, an ingredient in pomegranate, can be converted by intestinal microbes into urolithins, such as urolithin A [ 37 ].

Recent findings show that urolithin A has promising lifespan prolonging effect. Urolithin A Structure in Fig. Research showed that the in C. elegans , urolithin A feeding from eggs till death yielded a lifespan increase of In addition, urolithin A has the function of preventing the malicious accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria in cells.

The tests in rodents showed that, for mice on high-fat diet, urolithin A treatment for another eight months from age of 16 months, improved muscle function robustly compared with the control. For animals on normal chow diet, 6-week urolithin A treatment to Beneficial effect of urolithin A was observed in young rats as well, with improvement in their exercise capacity [ 38 ].

Recently, the first human clinical trial NCT of urolithin A was conducted to healthy, sedentary elderly human individuals. The results showed a safety profile, and a molecular signature response, which indicated improved mitochondrial health [ 39 ].

This supports a promising approach of dietary urolithin A consumption as an intervention to help improve mitochondrial and muscle function, and promote health in late age in humans Supplementary Fig.

Urolithin A has shown to regulate multiple processes in metabolism. Besides stimulation of mitophagy, Urolithin A also displays anti-inflammatory and anti-obese activity in animal studies.

Urolithin A and its synthetic analog UAS03, can enhance gut barrier integrity and reduce inflammation in mice and human cell culture, by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor AhR - nuclear factor erythroid 2—related factor 2 Nrf2 -dependent pathways [ 40 ].

Urolithin A can also increase energy expenditure and prevent diet-induced obesity in mice, by elevating thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and inducing browning of white adipose tissue [ 41 ]. Urolithin A is a first-in-class natural food metabolite confirmed to be effective in human clinical trial that can stimulates mitophagy and improve mitochondrial functions.

Mitophagy may be the key in treating age related conditions and diseases. Targeting deubiquitylating enzymes to stimulate mitophagy might be a promising approach [ 42 ].

In diabetic mouse model, resveratrol inhibits mitophagy and increases mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle, and therefore prevents skeletal muscle atrophy [ 44 ]. Thus, activation and inhibition of mitophagy may both be beneficial, depending on the situation.

Further identification of dietary ingredients that prevent aging by regulation of mitophagy, would provide us more understanding of the mechanisms, and provide dietary supplementation approach for promoting mitochondrial health during aging.

With aging, senescent cell burden increases [ 45 ]. Senescent cells can release factors, such as proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, to healthy cells nearby, and therefore cause the local and systemic dysfunction [ 46 ].

Transplanting senescent cells can lead to physical dysfunction and reduced survival even in young mice. An important finding is that senolytics, which induce apoptosis in senescent cells, can increase health and survival of old mice Supplementary Fig.

Fisetin Structure in Fig. Both acute and intermittent treatment of fisetin decreased the level of senescence markers in progeroid syndrome mouse model and in aged wild-type mice.

In old wild-type mice, fisetin administration can reduce age-related pathology and extend lifespan. Test in human tissues also showed senotherapeutic activity [ 49 ].

This correlates with elevated p25 level and anti-inflammatory pathways [ 50 ]. In SAMP8 mice, a model of sporadic AD and dementia, fisetin again reduces cognitive dysfunction, and helps the markers associated with stress, synaptic function and inflammation recover to normal [ 51 ].

In addition, fisetin has positive role on metabolism regulation. Fisetin can attenuate metabolic dysfunction in mice on high fructose diet, possibly by suppressing NF-κB and activating the Nrf2 pathway [ 52 ]. Fisetin can also alleviate insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice on high fat diet [ 53 ].

In streptozotocin induced diabetic rat model, fisetin ameliorates the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy injury [ 54 ]. There are several flavonoid ingredients from plants that have shown senolytic activity, such as quercetin, curcumin, and luteolin [ 49 ].

Quercetin, which is initially identified to have senolytic properties when combined with dasatinib, targets BCL-2 and related anti-apoptotic pathways [ 55 ]. The combination of dasatinib plus quercetin also showed in clinical trial to help improve physical function in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis IPF , a senescence-associated disease [ 57 ].

Recent screening on flavonoids showed that fisetin, curcumin, and luteolin exibited more potent senotherapeutic activity than quercetin [ 49 ]. Among these, fisetin is the most potent senolytic. Piperlongumine, which is a natural ingredient from a variety of species in the genus Piper, has been found to be a promising senolytic agent as well [ 58 ].

When fisetin was given monthly to young adulthood mice 4—13 months , markers of aging reduced in males but not females. When Dasatinib plus quercetin was administered to young adulthood mice, accelerated aging was observed in females while there is no effect on males.

Thus, the effects of senolytic compounds on aging and health, may be associated with dosage, the timing, sex, and the compounds themselves. Although administration of senolytic compounds is a promising approach for lifespan and healthspan extending therapeutic intervention, further research and evaluation by clinical trials are required before application in human beings.

The circadian clock orchestrates daily oscillations of essential physiological processes. Rhythm amplitude shows the difference between peak and trough of the circadian cycle, indicating the robustness of oscillation. Reduced amplitude has been associated with pathological conditions [ 60 , 61 ].

Nobiletin Structure in Fig. Nobiletin was found to be able to enhance the clock amplitude in a cell-based circadian reporter assay. In a mouse model of metabolic disorder, nobiletin could effectively enhance the tissue clock protein levels, improve energy metabolism regulation, and prevent metabolic disease [ 62 ].

Nobiletin targets retinoid acid receptor-related orphan receptors RORs , nuclear receptors functioning in the stabilization loop of the molecular oscillator, and demonstrates the beneficial effect in a Clock gene-dependent manner Supplementary Fig. In aged mice fed with a regular diet, nobiletin extended median lifespan, and has beneficial effects on circadian activity, body temperature, sleep and glucose metabolism.

When mice were given metabolic challenges by feeding with high fat diet, nobiletin showed a more significant effect on the physiological function of aged mice.

Several skeletal muscle-related functions have been significantly improved, including grip, athletic endurance, and runner running. A further study indicated that improving and optimizing mitochondrial respiratory function in skeletal muscle was the mechanism [ 63 ].

Nobiletin also protected cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in high fat diet fed aged mice [ 64 ]. However, the beneficial metabolic effects of nobiletin in high fat diet fed mice is independent of AMPK activation [ 65 ].

Research in C. elegans supported the anti-aging and lifespan extension effect of nobiletin [ 66 ]. In aged mouse models, nobiletin showed markedly beneficial effects as well. In senescence-accelerated SAMP8 mice, nobiletin improves cognitive impairment, and reduces oxidative burden and tau phosphorylation [ 67 ].

There have been studies searching for small molecules that modulate circadian rhythms. High-throughput screen using reporter cells has identified several synthetic small molecules that enhance clock amplitude [ 69 , 70 ].

High-throughput screen also identified natural compounds that enhance reporter rhythm as well [ 62 ]. The most potent one is nobiletin, the natural flavone ingredient in citrus. Tangeretin, a close analog of nobiletin and also a natural plant ingredient, also showed the ability to enhance rhythm amplitude.

The finding that nobiletin, an agonist of retinoid acid receptor-related orphan receptors RORs , can promote circadian metabolism and healthy aging, suggests that more research on dietary compounds with clock-enhancing effect, would provide promising intervention that enhances health during aging.

Among the many foods, which ones can help human beings enjoy food and also help achieve healthy aging? This is a very interesting question. Substantial evidence has accumulated that interventions on main components of daily food, including caloric restriction, protein restriction, low protein high carbohydrate diets, and essential amino acid restriction, can increase lifespan in animal models [ 3 ].

What other dietary ingredients can help prolong lifespan? Recently, urolithin A, an end-product from ellagitannins in the pomegranate fruit, has shown promising benefit in promoting healthy muscle function during aging, in a human clinical trial [ 39 ].

Quercetin, another ingredient from plant, together with dasatinib to act as senolytics, also helped improving physical function in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis IPF , a senescence-associated disease, in a clinical trial [ 57 ].

These findings demonstrate the potential powerful role of dietary phytochemicals in health promotion during aging. Metabolism is an important mechanism in aging regulation, and deterioration in metabolism is closely related with aging.

In this review, dietary phytochemicals targeting TRP channels, mitophagy, senescence pathways and circadian rhythms were discussed on longevity extending effect Table 1.

An important question is how we can efficiently find out promising phytochemicals. A screening of 5, small molecules based on reporter cells only helped researchers identified two natural ingredients, nobiletin and tangeretin, with circadian rhythm amplitude enhancing effect [ 62 ].

Testing on compounds with similar structure might be a good strategy, since tangeretin is a close analog of nobiletin [ 71 ] Fig. It is also supported by the fact that fisetin [ 48 ], quercetin [ 72 ], curcumin [ 73 ], and luteolin [ 74 ] are all flavonoids structures in Fig. Additionally, piperlongumine structure in Fig.

Besides the challenge in the initial identification, it takes efforts to clarify the molecular mechanism of action and direct targets of phytochemicals with longevity extending effect. In addition, hormesis, the biphasic dose-response is applicable to the plant-derived compounds mentioned in the article.

Future research also needs to explore the different effects of different doses of dietary ingredients [ 77 , 78 ]. During the COVID outbreak, herbal recipes have proved to be helpful to reduce the symptoms in China.

There are also evidences that functional food components acting as a nutritional supplement, can help human beings prevent from infection of COVID or enhance the recovery, by boosting the immune function [ 79 ]. Thus, the phytochemicals from nature could be a great treasure for human beings for curing diseases and also preventing aging.

For example, the black chokeberry extract has a high content of quercetin, which has health-protective activities such as prolonging life span, anti-proliferation, improving glucose and lipid metabolism, preventing neurodegenerative diseases [ 80 ].

The urolithin A, fisetin and other substances discussed in the article are also present in daily edible fruits, such as pomegranates, berries, apples, and grapes. Further research unravelling the detailed effects and mechanisms of dietary ingredients on longevity regulation, would be helpful for humans to develop more interventions to achieve healthy aging, and meanwhile, to allow individually customed dietary approach that balance between health and personal preferences.

Fontana L The science of nutritional modulation of aging. Ageing Res Rev —2. Article PubMed Google Scholar. Most J et al Calorie restriction in humans: an update. Ageing Res Rev — Simpson SJ et al Dietary protein, aging and nutritional geometry. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Manoogian ENC, Panda S Circadian rhythms, time-restricted feeding, and healthy aging.

Brown-Borg HM, Buffenstein R Cutting back on the essentials: can manipulating intake of specific amino acids modulate health and lifespan? Mattson MP, Longo VD, Harvie M Impact of intermittent fasting on health and disease processes.

Ingram DK, de Cabo R Calorie restriction in rodents: caveats to consider. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Balasubramanian P, Mattison JA, Anderson RM Nutrition, metabolism, and targeting aging in nonhuman primates. Hoddy KK et al Intermittent fasting and metabolic health: from religious fast to time-restricted feeding.

Obesity Silver Spring 28 Suppl 1 :S29—s Article Google Scholar. Hwangbo DS et al Mechanisms of lifespan regulation by calorie restriction and intermittent fasting in model organisms. Nutrients Article PubMed Central Google Scholar. Differentiation of Greek thyme honeys according to geographical origin based on the combination of phenolic compounds and conventional quality parameters using chemometrics.

Food Anal Methods. View Article Google Scholar Mitchell AE, Hong Y-J, Koh E, Barrett DM, Bryant DE, Denison RF, et al. Ten-year comparison of the influence of organic and conventional crop management practices on the content of flavonoids in tomatoes.

J Agric Food Chem. Consonni R, Bernareggi F, Cagliani LR. NMR-based metabolomic approach to differentiate organic and conventional Italian honey.

Food Control. Liao L-H, Wu W-Y, Berenbaum MR. Impacts of dietary phytochemicals in the presence and absence of pesticides on longevity of honey bees Apis mellifera.

Bernklau E, Bjostad L, Hogeboom A, Carlisle A, Seshadri AH. Dietary phytochemicals, honey bee longevity and pathogen tolerance. Mao W, Schuler MA, Berenbaum MR. Honey constituents up-regulate detoxification and immunity genes in the western honey bee Apis mellifera. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.

Johnson RM, Dahlgren L, Siegfried BD, Ellis MD. Acaricide, fungicide and drug interactions in honey bees Apis mellifera. Wong MJ, Liao L-H, Berenbaum MR.

Biphasic concentration-dependent interaction between imidacloprid and dietary phytochemicals in honey bees Apis mellifera. Sattelle DB, Cordova D, Cheek TR. Insect ryanodine receptors: molecular targets for novel pest control chemicals. Invertebr Neurosci.

du Pont de Nemours and Company. Altacor product label. Wilmington, DE, USA Adaskaveg JE, Duncan RA, Gubler WD, Hanson B, Haviland DR, Hembree KJ, et al. UC IPM pest management guidelines: Almond Oakland, CA: UC ANR Publication; [cited 10 February ].

html BLOOM. Disruption of quercetin metabolism by fungicide affects energy production in honey bees Apis mellifera. Manjon C, Troczka BJ, Zaworra M, Beadle K, Randall E, Hertlein G, et al.

Unravelling the molecular determinants of bee sensitivity to neonicotinoid insecticides. Curr Biol. Behavioral responses of honey bees Apis mellifera to natural and synthetic xenobiotics in food. Sci Rep. Berenbaum MR, Liao L-H. Honey bees and environmental stress: Toxicologic pathology of a superorganism.

Toxicol Pathol. Dinter A, Brugger KE, Frost N-M, Woodward MD, editors. Databank HS. Propiconazole CASRN: Toxicology data network, U. National library of Medicine [cited 20 May ]. Tarone RE, Ware J. On distribution-free tests for equality of survival distributions.

Cox DR. Regression models and life-tables. J Roy Stat Soc Ser B Stat Method. Campillo N, Viñas P, Férez-Melgarejo G, Hernández-Córdoba M. Dispersive liquid—liquid microextraction for the determination of flavonoid aglycone compounds in honey using liquid chromatography with diode array detection and time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Alvarez-Suarez JM, González-Paramás AM, Santos-Buelga C, Battino M. Antioxidant characterization of native monofloral Cuban honeys. Escriche I, Kadar M, Juan-Borrás M, Domenech E.

Using flavonoids, phenolic compounds and headspace volatile profile for botanical authentication of lemon and orange honeys. Food Res Int. Suitability of antioxidant capacity, flavonoids and phenolic acids for floral authentication of honey. Impact of industrial thermal treatment.

Food Chem. Hesperetin: A marker of the floral origin of citrus honey. J Sci Food Agric. Fiorani M, Accorsi A, Blasa M, Diamantini G, Piatti E.

Flavonoids from italian multifloral honeys reduce the extracellular ferricyanide in human red blood cells.

Hamdy AA, Ismail HM, Al-Ahwal AE-M, Gomaa NF. Determination of flavonoid and phenolic acid contents of clover, cotton and citrus floral honeys. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. Kečkeš S, Gašić U, Veličković T, Milojković-Opsenica D, Natić M, Tešić Ž. Kurtagić H, Barudanović S, Durmić V. J Environ Sci Eng A.

Liu H, Guo Y, Wang X, Liang X, Liu X. Analytical Methods. Michalkiewicz A, Biesaga M, Pyrzynska K. Solid-phase extraction procedure for determination of phenolic acids and some flavonols in honey. J Chromatogr A. Petrus K, Schwartz H, Sontag G. Analysis of flavonoids in honey by HPLC coupled with coulometric electrode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

Anal Bioanal Chem. Soler C, Gil MI, Garcia-Viguera C, Tomás-Barberán FA. Flavonoid patterns of French honeys with different floral origin. HPLC flavonoid profiles as markers for the botanical origin of European unifloral honeys. Trautvetter S, Koelling-Speer I, Speer K.

Confirmation of phenolic acids and flavonoids in honeys by UPLC-MS. Yao L, Datta N, Tomás-Barberán FA, Ferreres F, Martos I, Singanusong R. Flavonoids, phenolic acids and abscisic acid in Australian and New Zealand Leptospermum honeys. Yao L, Jiang Y, D'Arcy B, Singanusong R, Datta N, Caffin N, et al.

Quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography analyses of flavonoids in Australian Eucalyptus honeys. Cheng N, Ren N, Gao H, Lei X, Zheng J, Cao W. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Schisandra chinensis pollen extract on CCl 4 -induced acute liver damage in mice.

Food Chem Toxicol. Fanali C, Dugo L, Rocco A. Nano-liquid chromatography in nutraceutical analysis: Determination of polyphenols in bee pollen. Freire KRL, Lins ACS, Dórea MC, Santos FAR, Camara CA, Silva TMS. Palynological origin, phenolic content, and antioxidant properties of honeybee-collected pollen from Bahia, Brazil.

Park YK, Koo MH, Abreu J, Ikegaki M, Cury JA, Rosalen PL. Antimicrobial activity of propolis on oral microorganisms. Curr Microbiol. Šarić A, Balog T, Sobočanec S, Kušić B, Šverko V, Rusak G, et al. Antioxidant effects of flavonoid from Croatian Cystus incanus L. rich bee pollen.

Serra Bonvehí J, Soliva Torrentó M, Centelles Lorente E. Evaluation of polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds in honeybee-collected pollen produced in Spain. Ulusoy E, Kolayli S.

Phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of Anzer bee pollen. J Food Biochem. Aliyazıcıoglu R, Sahin H, Erturk O, Ulusoy E, Kolayli S. Properties of phenolic composition and biological activity of propolis from Turkey. Int J Food Prop. Bertelli D, Papotti G, Bortolotti L, Marcazzan GL, Plessi M.

Phytochem Anal. Daugsch A, Moraes CS, Fort P, Park YK. Brazilian red propolis—chemical composition and botanical origin. Evid-Based Complement Alternat Med. Jasprica I, Smolčić-Bubalo A, Mornar A, Medić-Šarić M. Investigation of the flavonoids in Croatian propolis by thin-layer chromatography.

J Planar Chromat. Medana C, Carbone F, Aigotti R, Appendino G, Baiocchi C. Medić-Šarić M, Jasprica I, Mornar A, Smolčić-Bubalo A, Golja P. Quantitative analysis of flavonoids and phenolic acids in propolis by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography.

Papotti G, Bertelli D, Bortolotti L, Plessi M. Chemical and functional characterization of Italian propolis obtained by different harvesting methods. Pellati F, Orlandini G, Pinetti D, Benvenuti S. J Pharm Biomed Anal.

Chemical characterization of Iraqi propolis samples and assessing their antioxidant potentials. Sun Y-M, Wu H-L, Wang J-Y, Liu Z, Zhai M, Yu R-Q. Simultaneous determination of eight flavonoids in propolis using chemometrics-assisted high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. J Chromatogr B.

Dimitrova B, Gevrenova R, Anklam E. Analysis of phenolic acids in honeys of different floral origin by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. Gambacorta E, Simonetti A, Garrisi N, Intaglietta I, Perna A.

Antioxidant properties and phenolic content of sulla Hedysarum spp. honeys from Southern Italy. Int J Food Sci Tech. Habib HM, Meqbali FT, Kamal H, Souka UD, Ibrahim WH.

Bioactive components, antioxidant and DNA damage inhibitory activities of honeys from arid regions. Kao Y-T, Lu M-J, Chen C. Preliminary analyses of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities in tea pollen extracts. J Food Drug Anal.

Diet provides logevity Severe hyperglycemia nutrition for human survival, and Phytochemicald provides various joy of taste. Extensive studies have shown Natural ways to lower BP the major components of Phytkchemicals, such as protein, carbohydrate and fat, play important roles in Phytochemicals and longevity aging lojgevity longevity. Whether other dietary ingredients can help prevent aging and extend longevity is a very interesting question. Here based on recent findings, we discussed dietary plant ingredients that can extend longevity by regulation of metabolism, targeting TRP channels, mitophagy, senescence pathways and circadian rhythms. Better understanding of the detailed effects and mechanisms of dietary ingredients on longevity regulation, would be helpful for developing new intervention tools for preventing aging and aging related diseases. Plant-based protein sources Severe hyperglycemia. An Phytichemicals literature describes the positive impact of dietary phytochemicals on overall health and longevity. Kongevity phytochemicals include Phytochemicals and longevity Phytochemials group of non-nutrients compounds from a wide range of Longevtiy foods and chemical classes. We Phytochemjcals also discuss the need to initiate long-term nutrition intervention studies in healthy subjects. Hence, we will highlight crucial aspects that require further study to determine effective physiological concentrations and explore the real impact of dietary phytochemicals in preserving brain health before the onset of symptoms leading to cognitive decline and inflammatory neurodegeneration. Over the next few decades, given the rising life expectancy within the older population, the incidence of developing age-related neurodegenerative diseases is predicted to increase dramatically.