The Air displacement plethysmography technology of beta-carotene supplementation on Beta-carotene and cancer prevention incidence has been investigated in several randomized controlled ahd.
The objective was to review the ad of Beta-cagotene supplementation Beta-carotehe cancer incidence Beta-carotehe Beta-carotene and cancer prevention trials by Beta-carotene and cancer prevention site, beta-carotene an characteristics and Beha-carotene population.
Relevant trials were retrieved wnd searching PubMed up to April Warrior diet success stories Authors involved in selected studies cacner contacted for additional information.
Preventioon publications reporting Beta-carotene and cancer prevention from 9 randomized controlled trials were included. Overall, no effect of beta-carotene supplementation was observed on the incidence of all cancers combined RR, 1. The incidence of lung and stomach cancers were significantly increased in individuals supplemented with beta-carotene at mg day -1 RR, 1.
Beta-carotene supplementation has not been shown to have any beneficial effect on cancer prevention. Conversely, it was associated with increased risk not only of lung cancer but also of gastric cancer at doses of mg day -1in smokers and asbestos workers. This study adds to the evidence that nutritional prevention of cancer through beta-carotene supplementation should not be recommended.
Abstract The effect of beta-carotene supplementation on cancer incidence has been investigated in several randomized controlled trials. Publication types Meta-Analysis Research Support, N.
Substances beta Carotene.
: Beta-carotene and cancer prevention| Effectiveness of beta-carotene in cancer chemoprevention | J Prevenntion Cancer Inst — PubMed Beta-carotene and cancer prevention Google Scholar Nomura AM, Beha-carotene G, Prdvention LK, Beta-carotene and cancer prevention RM, Vuilleumier JP Serum vitamin levels and the risk Metabolism boosting supplements cancer of specific sites prevenfion Hawaiian males of Japanese ancestry. An UL for β-carotene from foods is not needed due to the lack of adverse effects [2]. Halibut with Citrus and Garlic. Their recommendation applies to adults who are not pregnant and excludes those who are chronically ill, are hospitalized or have a known nutritional deficiency. Spring Barley. RIS Zotero Endnote Medline XML Bibtex ISI format Word bibliography format. |
| Significance of β-Carotene in Cancer | Investigators conducting the Beta Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial CARET in the United States, a large study of the combination of beta carotene and vitamin A as preventive agents for lung cancer among high-risk men and women, terminated the intervention in January after an average of four years of treatment and told the 18 participants to stop taking their vitamins. Interim study results had indicated that the supplements provided no benefit and may be causing harm. The CARET study was carried out in six areas of the United States. One-half of the CARET participants took a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A, and the other half took inactive placebos. The dose of beta carotene in CARET was 30 mg·d-1 which is equivalent to 50 IU of vitamin A or about five medium-sized carrots. Vitamin A was given as retinyl palmitate in a dose of IU These interim results were similar to those published earlier from the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene ATBC Lung Cancer Prevention Trial carried out in Finland In the ATBC study, more than 29 middle-aged male smokers were randomly assigned to 50 mg of alpha tocopherol, 20 mg of beta carotene, both, or a placebo daily for five to eight years. With regard to lung cancer, which was the primary specified end point, the trial failed to detect any significant protective effect of either of the vitamins. However, when the placebo group was divided according to quartiles with regard to serum beta carotene concentration, the incidence of lung cancer was higher among the subjects in the lowest quartile group rather than among those in the highest. A third large intervention trial, carried out among 28 male physicians in the United States, ended on schedule, at the end of The daily dose of beta carotene used in the ATBC study 20 mg increased the serum concentrations of beta carotene more than fold. The dose in the CARET study was even higher. In the ATBC study, between one-quarter and one-third of the participants reported yellowing of the skin. The dose in the two major intervention studies has, therefore, been about as high as it can be. In spite of the strong association of vitamin A and beta carotene with a reduced incidence of cancer in epidemiologic studies, it has not been proved that these vitamins themselves are protective. The results of the large-scale intervention trials on the potential benefits of beta carotene supplementation do not provide any support of the protective effects, and, in fact, they raise serious questions about the safety of beta carotene supplements for the general public. There may be issues of dose and timing. However, the serum concentrations after supplementation were not considered to be at "toxic" levels. The timing of intervention is more problematic. Beta carotene is possibly more effective in earlier stages of lung carcinogenesis than in later stages. This is, however, only speculation. After obtaining the evidence from the large intervention trials, the assumption that beta carotene is not protective but causative, especially among current cigarette smokers, must be considered. Pharmacological doses of supplemental beta carotene do not appear to be beneficial in the prevention of cancer, and the trials seem to provide evidence for detriment in smokers. Pharmacological beta carotene supplementation should therefore be discouraged. Avoidance of exposure to carcinogens remains the first and most important form of prevention. This site uses cookies. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies. OK Privacy policy. However, one study of 22, male physicians, some of them smokers or former smokers, found no increase in lung cancer. These people took 50 mg of beta-carotene every other day for 12 years. If you smoke or have a history of smoking or asbestos exposure, you should not take large amounts of beta-carotene supplements for long periods of time. However, foods that are rich in beta-carotene are considered safe and appear to lower the risk of some types of cancer and possibly heart disease. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Drugs and Supplements Beta Carotene Oral Route. Sections Description and Brand Names Before Using Proper Use Precautions Side Effects. Products and services. Precautions Drug information provided by: Merative, Micromedex ® Use of beta-carotene has been associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in people who smoke or who have been exposed to asbestos. Mayo Clinic Press Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press Mayo Clinic on Incontinence The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press The Essential Diabetes Book Mayo Clinic on Hearing and Balance - Mayo Clinic Press Mayo Clinic on Hearing and Balance FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book. Show the heart some love! Give Today. Help us advance cardiovascular medicine. Find a doctor. Explore careers. Sign up for free e-newsletters. About Mayo Clinic. About this Site. Contact Us. |
| Position statement - Beta-carotene and cancer risk | Antioxidants like beta carotene and vitamin E may help fight inflammation and oxidative stress, two of the primary contributors to the development of cancers and heart disease. Oxidative stress can trigger cell damage; when this happens, cells can become cancerous. Since cancer and cardiovascular disease are the two leading causes of death in the U. Additionally, since only 1 in 10 Americans meet the federal recommendation for fruit and vegetable intake — 1. There is strong evidence that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables is beneficial to overall health and disease prevention. Researchers also suggest that this may be due in large part to their high antioxidant content. The antioxidant dose received by eating an abundance of foods rich in beta carotene and vitamin E are not nearly as high as the doses available in supplement form. Rigorous testing is required before a drug is approved by the Food and Drug Administration. However, that is not the case with dietary supplements, which are regulated as a food, not a drug. The FDA therefore does not have the authority to approve dietary supplements for safety and effectiveness — or to approve their labeling — before the supplements are sold to the public. adults were taking some form of dietary supplement, including vitamins, minerals, multivitamins, botanicals and herbs, probiotics, nutritional powders and more. Consumers should be cautious when buying and consuming dietary supplements , as they may contain ingredients that could negatively interact with a prescribed medication or medical condition. This year, the FDA began working to strengthen the regulation of dietary supplements and has drafted a proposal to amend its current policies. Menu Close Home Edition Africa Australia Brasil Canada Canada français España Europe France Global Indonesia New Zealand United Kingdom United States. All clinicians should take a detailed history about over-the-counter supplement use. It is important to recognize that these recommendations from the USPSTF apply to persons who are not pregnant and exclude those with nutritional deficiencies. A JAMA patient page is also available to further explain the recommendations about the use of vitamins, minerals, and multivitamins to prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer. Clinical Topics: Cardio-Oncology, Prevention, Nonstatins, Diet, Stress. Keywords: beta Carotene, Vitamins, Dietary Supplements, Primary Prevention, Vitamin E, Minerals, Malnutrition, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Lung Neoplasms, Cardiotoxicity. USPSTF Recommends Against Use of Beta-Carotene, Vitamin E For CVD and Cancer Prevention Jun 21, ACC News Story. The USPSTF recommendation replaces and is consistent with its statement. x You must be logged in to save to your library. Guidelines JACC Journals on ACC. org JACC JACC: Advances JACC: Asia JACC: Basic to Translational Science JACC: CardioOncology JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions JACC: Case Reports JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology JACC: Heart Failure Membership Current Members Campaign for the Future Become a Member Renew Your Membership Member Benefits and Resources Member Sections Chapters ACC Member Directory About ACC ACC Innovation Program Our Strategic Direction Diversity and Inclusion Our History Our Bylaws and Code of Ethics Leadership and Governance Annual Report Industry Relations Support the ACC Jobs at the ACC Press Releases Social Media Book Our Conference Center. Clinical Topics Acute Coronary Syndromes Anticoagulation Management Arrhythmias and Clinical EP Cardiac Surgery Cardio-Oncology Chronic Angina Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology COVID Hub Diabetes and Cardiometabolic Disease Dyslipidemia Geriatric Cardiology Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies Hypertriglyceridemia Invasive Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention Noninvasive Imaging Pericardial Disease Prevention Pulmonary Hypertension and Venous Thromboembolism Sports and Exercise Cardiology Stable Ischemic Heart Disease Valvular Heart Disease Vascular Medicine. When the randomized β-carotene component of the trial was terminated, participants had been treated for a median of 2. This report includes available data as of February 6, , after a median total follow-up of 4. To assess whether self-reported compliance was associated with blood levels of β -carotene, we measured plasma β-carotene concentrations in blood obtained from 48 women in the Boston area during the period from September through October Appointments were scheduled days before the visit; however, participants were unaware that blood would be drawn. Those assigned to receive β-carotene had higher plasma concentrations than those assigned to receive placebo 0. Women reported the occurrence of relevant end points either on their follow-up questionnaires or through letters or telephone calls. Deaths usually were reported by family members or postal authorities. We then requested written consent to review relevant medical records. Medical records were obtained from hospitals and treating physicians. Reports of cancer, cardiovascular disease, or death were considered confirmed or refuted only after review of all relevant information by an end-points committee of physicians who were blinded to treatment assignment. When consent was not provided or records could not be obtained, we did not classify that reported end point as confirmed. The analyses reported here are based only on confirmed end points. Rarely, the end-points committee confirmed a reported case of cancer based on strong clinical and radiologic or laboratory marker evidence e. Reports of nonfatal myocardial infarction were confirmed with the use of World Health Organization criteria Nonfatal stroke was defined as a typical neurologic deficit, either sudden or rapid in onset, that lasted more than 24 hours and was attributed to a cerebrovascular event. Death due to a cardiovascular cause was confirmed by convincing evidence of a cardiovascular event from all available sources, including death certificates, hospital records, and observers' accounts for deaths occurring outside the hospital. The primary end point of the β-carotene component of the trial was any invasive cancer except nonmelanoma skin cancer. For the end points of cancer, myocardial infarction, and stroke, only the first occurrence in each category was counted. For cardiovascular disease, we also defined a combined end point comprising nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and death from cardiovascular causes; again, only the first occurrence of any of these three end points was counted. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the relative risk RR of an end point among those assigned to receive β-carotene compared with those assigned to receive placebo The data were analyzed according to intention to treat, regardless of actual compliance. In our analyses, we adjusted for age and randomized treatment assignments to aspirin and vitamin E, since randomization was stratified according to these three variables. The distribution of these three variables was identical in the β-carotene and placebo groups; thus, analyses that did not adjust for these variables yielded almost identical results. We did not adjust for other characteristics e. As of February 6, , women had been followed for a median of 4. With regard to the primary end point, confirmed cases of invasive cancer had occurred— among women assigned to receive β -carotene and among women assigned to receive placebo Table 1. When we examined site-specific cancers, there were no statistically significant differences in risk between women assigned to receive β-carotene and women assigned to receive placebo, even without accounting for multiple comparisons: breast cases in the β-carotene group versus in the placebo group , colon or rectum 34 versus 34 , uterus 31 versus 27 , lung 30 versus 21 , ovary 24 versus 18 , thyroid nine versus 12 , bladder five versus six , brain four versus six , pancreas six versus four , cervix two versus three , and stomach one versus one. Similar numbers of melanoma 19 versus 21 and leukemia or lymphoma 17 versus 22 also occurred among women in the two groups. The remaining 27 cases in the β-carotene group and 26 cases in the placebo group were cancers occurring at other sites or with unknown primary site. We then subdivided the period of risk into years 1 and 2 combined the β-carotene component of the trial was terminated after a median treatment duration of 2. In neither period did we observe a statistically significant effect of β -carotene; the RR estimates were close to 1 for both periods Table 1. Concern has been raised that β-carotene may be harmful to current smokers. Because of the small number of smokers, we were unable to conduct meaningful analyses for site-specific cancers. There was no statistically significant evidence of an effect of β -carotene on myocardial infarction 42 in the β-carotene group versus 50 in the placebo group , stroke 61 versus 43 , death from cardiovascular causes 14 versus 12 , the combined end point of all important cardiovascular events i. When we subdivided the period of risk into years 1 and 2 combined and years 3 and up combined, we did not observe a statistically significant effect of β-carotene in either follow-up period. As with the site-specific cancers, we were unable to reliably analyze the individual cardiovascular end points among current smokers because of small numbers. The prevalence of other minor side effects, such as symptoms suggestive of gastric upset or peptic ulcer, nausea, constipation, or diarrhea, did not differ between women in the two groups. There were no overall effects of β-carotene supplementation on risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease after a median treatment duration of 2. Specifically, we found no statistically significant benefit or harm of β-carotene treatment for all cancers, cardiovascular disease, or death due to any cause. Among current smokers at baseline, we found no statistically significant differences between treatment groups in the overall incidence of cancer and of cardiovascular disease with the limited duration of treatment and follow-up. If β-carotene truly were beneficial or harmful , one possible explanation for our observations may have been inadequate dose or duration of treatment. The dose and formulation of β-carotene used in this study were identical to those used in the Physicians' Health Study, in which plasma β-carotene was increased approximately fourfold This dose would place women in the β-carotene group in the top few percentiles of the general population with respect to usual intake and is above the level of dietary β -carotene consumption in observational studies that has been associated with benefit. Therefore, an inadequate dose of β-carotene is unlikely to explain the present null findings. In two other trials, β-carotene supplementation was associated with increased lung cancer risk. These trials used different doses and formulations of β-carotene that resulted in more than fold 14 and fold 13 differences in serum levels between the active treatment group and the placebo group. Treatment duration lasted only a median of 2. In the Physicians' Health Study, no statistically significant benefit or harm with regard to cancer and cardiovascular disease emerged after 12 years of β-carotene treatment Furthermore, there was no trend toward increasing benefit or harm associated with longer treatment duration. In contrast, the two trials that suggested harm among persons at high risk for lung cancer after 4 years and years of treatment, respectively, reported no difference 14 or little difference 13 in lung cancer incidence rates between treatment and placebo groups during the first 18 months. However, after 18 months, the excess cumulative incidence of lung cancer in the treatment group increased progressively thereafter. Because the β-carotene component of the Women's Health Study was terminated after a median of 2. Furthermore, given the short median total follow-up of 4. Another possible explanation for these findings could have been poor compliance. Bias in end-point ascertainment and confounding by other factors also are unlikely alternate explanations for the present findings. In our analyses, we considered only end points that had been confirmed by a committee of physicians who were blinded to the treatment assignment of subjects. Confounding by other factors is unlikely; as expected in this large randomized trial, the distribution of the many health habits and medical conditions about which we inquired on baseline questionnaires was balanced between the β-carotene and placebo groups. This fact makes it likely that the distribution of unmeasured and unknown confounders also is balanced. Only one previous large trial of β-carotene has been conducted among persons at average risk for cancer. Another smaller trial of adults tested β-carotene in preventing recurrent skin cancers; no statistically significant effect was found after 5 years of treatment Two other large-scale trials tested β-carotene or combination regimens including β -carotene among persons at high risk for cancer. The Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial that used a combination of high-dose β-carotene and retinyl palmitate was terminated early after 4 years, primarily as a result of its inability to detect future benefit. smokers, former smokers, and workers exposed to asbestos In subgroup analyses, the statistically significant increase in lung cancer incidence was seen among current smokers and among asbestos workers at baseline but not among former smokers One large trial tested a combination of β-carotene, vitamin E, and selenium in a poorly nourished Chinese population. The reason for the apparently conflicting findings remains unclear. One possibility may be the nature of the different populations studied. In a population at average risk for cancer, β -carotene does not appear to have any statistically significant benefit or harm. Among heavy smokers, since the gas phase of cigarette smoke is highly oxidative, β-carotene in the lungs may be oxidized, yielding unstable byproducts that could have pro-oxidant activity 23 - Indirect evidence for this pro-oxidant effect was provided in a recent experiment on ferrets 26 , where investigators reported that cell proliferation and squamous metaplasia were increased in the lung tissue of animals given β -carotene supplements, with further increase on exposure to tobacco smoke. In another experiment, oxidized β-carotene products enhanced the binding of carcinogens to calf thymus DNA 6. Among asbestos workers exposed to a combination of high-dose β-carotene and retinyl palmitate, asbestos fibers which contain iron, a powerful catalyst for oxidation present in the lungs of those with asbestosis also may promote the oxidation of β-carotene and the formation of harmful carotenoid byproducts It is plausible, but unproved, that β-carotene supplementation is harmful among such groups at high risk for lung cancer. For poorly nourished populations, β -carotene may indeed protect against cancer via the mechanisms outlined previously 4 - 9. In the Physicians' Health Study, among men in the lowest fourth of plasma β-carotene level at baseline, those assigned to receive active β-carotene experienced a lower risk of prostate cancer, which was statistically significant, after 12 years than those assigned to receive placebo In summary, this trial of β-carotene among apparently healthy female professionals showed no evidence of benefit or harm on cancer or cardiovascular disease after a median treatment duration of 2. While the treatment duration is short, these data add to evidence suggesting that β-carotene has no statistically significant benefit or harm among persons at average risk of cancer. Since randomized trials of β -carotene supplementation probably never will be conducted again, post-treatment follow-up of these women and subjects from other trials should continue to provide information regarding long-term follow-up of subjects given β-carotene supplements for varying lengths of time. Table 1. Estimates adjusted for age, randomized aspirin assignment, and randomized vitamin E assignment. Table 2. A combined end point comprising nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and death from cardiovascular causes. Among women with more than one event, only the first was counted. Supported by Public Health Service grants CA National Cancer Institute and HL National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute , National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services. Steinmetz KA, Potter JD. Vegetables, fruit, and cancer. Cancer Causes Control ; 2 : Peto R, Doll R, Buckley JD, Sporn MB. Can dietary beta-carotene materially reduce human cancer rates? Nature ; : Sun Y. Free radicals, antioxidant enzymes, and carcinogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med ; 8 : |
Beta-carotene and cancer prevention -
Numerous in vitro expressions have been performed in order to verify the true role played by this agent on cell proliferation and differentiation; until now, findings have been very encouraging, uniformly showing the beta-carotene can affect carcinogenesis, particularly in early stages, through an antigenotoxic action.
Antioxidant functions, immunomodulatory effects and control of intercellular messages via gap junctions are possible action mechanisms of the ability of beta-carotene to block the carcinogenetic process.
In vivo animal studies partially confirm the results obtained in vitro showing that beta-carotene is able to reduce the induce cancer development; moreover, the association of the carotenoid with other microelements, such as vitamins E, C and glutathione often appears to be more effective than each agent used alone.
From a clinical point of view, beta-carotene appears an 'ideal' agent to be used in chemoprevention trials in humans, although optimal doses and intake methods need to be better defined; its almost zero toxicity permits the long-term administration of the drug, a vital condition for its anti-cancer activity, with good patient compliance.
Human intervention studies performed so far, both randomized and uncontrolled clinical trials, have showed positive findings in specific cancer sites such as oral cavity, head and neck and colon; less consistent or negative are results on skin, lung and oesophagus cancer. The ongoing studies will provide more answer on these issues.
Nature — Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar. Alam RS, Alam SQ, Weir JC Jr, Gibson WA Chemo-preventive effects of beta-carotene and cis-retinoic acid on salivary gland tumors. Nutr Cancer — Calacchio TA, Memoli VA Chemoprevention of colorectal neoplasms: ascorbic acid and beta-carotene.
Arch Surg — Article Google Scholar. Alam RS, Alam SQ The effect of different levels of dietary beta-carotene on DMBA-induced salivary gland tumors. Nutr Cancer 9 2—3 — Woutersen RA, van Garderen-Hoetmer A Cancer Lett — Colacchio TA, Memoli VA, Hiderbrandt L Antioxidants vs.
carotenoids: inhibitors or promoters of experimental colorectal cancers. Jones RC, Sugie S, Brodey J, Weisburger JH Dietary beta-carotene in rat models of gastrointestinal cancer.
J Nutr — PubMed CAS Google Scholar. Imaida K, Hirose M, Yamaguchi S, Takahashi S, Ito N Effects of naturally occurring antioxidants on combined 1,2-dimethylhydrazine- and 1-methylnitrosourea-initiated carcinogenesis in F male rats. Cancer Lett — Moreno FS, Rizzi MR, Dagli ML, Penteado MV Inhibitory effects of beta-carotene on preneoplastic lesions induced in Wistar rats by the resistant hepatocyte model.
Carcinogenesis — Sarkar A, Mukherjee B, Chatterjee M Inhibitory effect of beta-carotene on chronic 2-acetylamino-fluorine induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rat: reflection in hepatic drug metabolism. Carcinogenesis — Int J Cancer — Epstein JH Effects of beta-carotene on ultraviolet induced cancer formation in the hairless mouse skin.
Photochem Photobiol — Mathews-Roth MM Antitumor activity of beta-carotene, canthaxanthin and phytoene. Oncology — Temple NJ, Basu TK Protective effect of beta-carotene against colon tumors in mice.
J Natl Cancer Inst — Santamaria L, Bianchi A, Arraboldi A, Ravelto C Bianchi L, Pizzala R, Andreoni L, Santagati G, Bermond P Chemoprevention of indirect and direct chemical carcinogenesis by carotenoids as oxygen radical quenchers. Ann NY Acad Sci — Lambert LA, Koch WH, Warner WG, Kornhauser A Antitumor activity in skin of SKH and Senear mice by two dietary beta-carotene formulations.
Suda D, Schwartz J, Shklar G Inhibition of experimental oral carcinogenesis by topical beta-carotene. Schwartz J, Suda D, Light G Beta-carotene is associated with the regression of hamster buccal pouch carcinoma and the induction of tumor necrosis factor in macrophages.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun — Schwartz J, Shklar G Regression of experimental hamster cancer by beta-carotene and algae extracts. Oral Maxillofac Surg — Article CAS Google Scholar. Beems RB The effect of beta-carotene on BP-induced respiratory tract tumors in hamsters. Schwartz Y, Shklar G, Reid S, Trickier D Prevention of experimental oral cancer by extracts of Spirulina-Dunaliella algae.
Schwartz J, Shklar G Regression of experimental oral carcinomas by local injections of beta carotene and canthaxanthin. Schwartz JL, Sloane D, Shklar G Prevention and inhibition of oral cancer in the hamster buccal pouch model associated with carotenoid immune enhancement.
Tumour Biol — Shklar G, Schwarta J, Trickier D, Reid S Regression of experimental cancer by oral administration of combined alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene. Gijare PS, Rao KV, Bhide SV Modulatory effects of snuff, retinoic acid, and beta-carotene on DMBA-induced hamster check pouch carcinogenesis in relation to keratin expression.
Basu TK, Temple NJ, Hodgson AM Vitamin A, beta-carotene and cancer. In: Tryfiates GP, Prasad KN eds Nutrition, growth and cancer. Liss, New York, pp — Google Scholar. Burton GW, Ingold KV Beta-carotene and unusual type of lipid antioxidant. Science — Canfield CM, Forage JW, Valenzuela JG Carotenoids as cellular antioxidants.
Proc Soc Exp Biol Med — Zhang LX, Cooney RV, Bertram JS Carotenoids up-regulate connexin 43 gene expression independent of provitamin A or antioxidant properties. Cancer Res — Fujii Y, Sakamoto S, Ben-Amotz A, Nagasawa H Effects of beta-carotene rich algae, Dunaliella bardanil , on the dynamic changes of normal and neoplastic mammary cells and general metabolism in mice.
Anticancer Res — Basu TK, Temple NJ, Ng J Effect of dietary beta-carotene on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr — Bendich A Beta-carotene and the immune response. Proc Nutr Soc — Tomita Y, Himeno K, Nomoto K, Endo H, Hirohata T Augmentation of tumor immunity against syngeneic tumors in mice by beta-carotene.
J Natl Cancer Inst — Bertram JS, Bortkiewicz H Dietary canotenoids inhibit neoplastic transformation and modulate gene expression in mouse and human cells.
Am J Clin Nutr SS. Bjelke E Dietary vitamin A and lung cancer. MacLennan R, DaCosta J, Day NE, Law CH, Ng YK, Shanmugaratnam K Risk factors for lung cancer in Singapore Chinese, a population with high female incidence rates. Hirayama T Diet and cancer. Mettlin C, Graham S, Swanson M Vitamin A and lung cancer.
Gregor A, Lee PN, Roe FJC Comparison of dietary histories in lung cancer cases and controls with special references to vitamin A.
Shekelle R, Liu S, Raynor W, Lepper M, Maliza C, Rossof A, Paul O, Shryock A, Stamler J Dietary vitamin A and risk of cancer in the Western Electric study.
Lancet — Kolonel LN, Nomura AMY, Hinds MW, Hirohata T, Hanking H Role of diet in cancer incidence in Hawaii. Cancer Res S—S. Kuale G, Bjelke E, Gart JJ Dietary habits and lung cancer risk.
Byers T, Vena J, Mettlin C, Swanson M, Graham S Dietary vitamin A and lung cancer risk, an analysis by histologic subtypes. Am J Epidemiol — Hinds MW, Kolonel LN, Hankin JH, Lee J Dietary vitamin A, carotene, vitamin C and risk of lung cancer in Hawaii.
Willett W, Polk BF, Underwood B, Stampfer MJ, Pressel S, Rosner B, Taylor J, Schneider K, Harnes CG Relations of serum vitamin A and E and carotenoids to the risk of cancer. N Engl J Med — Sanet JM, Skipper BJ, Humble CG, Pathak DR Lung cancer risk and vitamin A consumption in New Mexico.
Am Rev Respir Dis — Wu AH, Henderson BE, Pike MC, Yo MC Smoking and other risk factors for lung cancer in women. Nomura AM, Stemmerman G, Heilbrun LK, Salkeld RM, Vuilleumier JP Serum vitamin levels and the risk of cancer of specific sites in Hawaiian males of Japanese ancestry.
Menkes MS, Comstock GW, Vuilleumeri JP, Helsing KJ, Rider AA, Brookmeyer R Serum beta-carotene, vitamins A and E, selenium, and the risk of lung cancer. Pisani P, Berrino F, Macaluso M, Pastorino V, Crosignani P, Baldassaroni A Carrots, green vegetables and lung cancer: a case control study.
Int J Epidemiol — Ziegler RG, Mason TY, Stemhagen A, Hoover R, Schoenberg JB, Gridley G, Virgo P, Fravmeni J Carotenoid intake, vegetables, and the risk of lung cancer among white men in New Jersey. Bond GG, Thompson FE, Cook RR Dietary vitamin A and lung cancer: results of a case-control study among chemical workers.
Byers TE, Graham S, Haughey BP, Marshall JR, Swanson MK Diet and lung cancer risk: findings from the western New York diet study. Gey KF, Brubacher GB, Stahelin HB Plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins in relation to ischemic heart disease and cancer.
Am J Clin Nutr — Humble CG, Samet JM, Skipper BE Use of quantified and frequency indices of vitamin A intake in a case-control study of lung cancer. Kromhout D Essential micronutrients in relation to carcinogenesis. Paganini-Hill A, Chao A, Ross RK, Henderson BE Vitamin A, beta-carotene, and the risk of cancer: a prospective study.
Pastorino V, Pisani P, Berrino F, Andreoli C, Barbieri A, Costa A, Manzzoleni C, Gramegna H, Marubini E Vitamin A and female lung cancer: a case control study on plasma and diet. Fontham ETH, Pickle LW, Haenszel W, Correa P, Lin Y, Falk RT Dietary vitamins A and C and lung cancer risk in Louisiana.
Cancer — Hoist PA, Kromhout D, Brand R For debate: pet birds as an independent risk factor for lung cancer. BMJ — Koo LC Dietary habits and lung cancer risk among Chinese females in Hong Kong who never smoked. Wald NJ, Thompson SG, Densem JW, Boreham J, Bailey A Serum beta-carotene and subsequent risk of cancer; results from the BUPA study.
Br J Cancer — Connett JE, Kuller LH, Kjelsberg MO, Polk BF, Colins G, Rider A, Hulley SB Relationship between carotenoids and cancer: the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial MRFIT study. Kune GA, Kune S, Watson LF, Pierce R, Field B, Vitetta L, Merenstein D, Hayes A, Irving L Serum levels of beta-carotene, vitamin A and zinc in male lung cancer cases and controls.
Mettline Milk drinking, other beverage habits, and lung cancer risk. LeMarchand L, Yoshizawa CN, Kolonel LN, Hankin JH, Goodman MT Vegetable consumption and lung cancer risk: a population-based case-control study in Hawaii.
Dartiques JF, Dabis F, Gros N, Moise A, Bois G, Salamon R, Dilhuydy JM, Courty G Dietary vitamin A, beta-carotene and risk of epidermoid lung cancer in south-western France. Eur J Epidemiol — Jain M, Burch JD, Hower GR, Risch HA, Miller AB Dietary factors and risk of lung cancer: results from a case-control study, Toronto, — Kenkt P, Aromaa A, Maatela J, Aaraan RK, Nikkari T, Hakama M, Hakulinen T, Peto R, Teppo L Serum vitamin A and subsequent risk of cancer: cancer incidence follow-up of the Finnish Mobile Health Examination Survey.
Comstock GW, Helzlsouer KJ, Bush TL Prediagnostic serum levels of carotenoids and vitamin E as related to subsequent cancer in Washington County, Maryland.
Am J Clin Nutr S—S. Harris RW, Key TJ, Silcocks PB, Bull D, Wald NJ A case-control study of dietary carotene in men with lung cancer and in men with other epithelial cancers. Knekt P, Jarvinen R, Seppanen R, Rissanen A, Aromaa A, Heinonen OP, Albanes D, Heinonen M, Pukkala E, Teppo L Dietary antioxidants and the risk of lung cancer.
Orentreich N, Matias JR, Vogelman JH, Salked RM, Bhagavan H, Friedman GP The predicitive value of serum beta-carotene for subsequent development of lung cancer.
Chow WH, Schuman LM, McLaughlin JK, Bjelke E, Gridely G, Wacholder S, Chien HT, Blot WJ A cohort study of tobacco use, diet, occupation and lung cancer mortality. Cancer Causes Control — Shibata A, Paganini-Hill A, Ross RK, Henderson BE Intake of vegetables, fruits, beta-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin supplements and cancer incidence among the elderly: a prospective study.
Swanson CA, Mao BL, Li JY, Lubin JH, Yao SX, Wang JZ, Cai SK, Hou Y, Luo QS, Blot WJ Dietary determinants of lung cancer risk: results from a case-control study in Yunnan Province, China.
Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group The effect of vitamin E and beta-carotene and other cancers in male smokers. Hong WK, Itri LM Retinoids and human cancer. In: Sporn MB, Roberts AB, Goodman DS eds The retinoids: biology, chemistry and medicine.
Raven, New York, pp — Editors Carotenoid news, vol 6, no 1. Carotenoid Research Interactive Group CARIG , Chicago. Brown LM, Blot WJ, Schuman SH Environmental factors and high risk of esophageal cancer among men in coastal South Carolina.
Ziegler RG Vegetables, fruits, and carotenoids and risk of cancer. McLarty JW, Holiday DB, Girard WM, Yanagihara RH, Kummet TD, Greenberg SD Beta-carotene, vitamin A and lung cancer chemoprevention: results of an intermediate endpoint study.
Blot WJ, Li JY, Taylor PR, Gou W, Dawsey SM, Li B The Linxian trials: mortality rates by vitamin-mineral intervention group. Faruque MO, Khan MR, Rahman MM, Ahmed F Relationship between smoking and antioxidant nutrient status.
Br J Nutr — Garewal HS Beta-carotene and vitamin E in oral cancer prevention. J Cell Biochem Suppl 17F— Poppel G, Kok FJ, Hermus RJ Beta-carotene supplementation in smokers reduces the frequency of micronuclei in sputum.
Article PubMed Google Scholar. Download references. Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Kakyo-ku, Kyoto, , Japan.
Hajime Ohigashi Ph. Professor Professor.
Scand J Work Environ Health ;22 prevrntion pdf. by Vainio H. Beta carotene, vitamin A, Beta-carotene and cancer prevention prwvention synthetic and naturally occurring analogues, the retinoids, have attracted wide interest pevention possible Beta-xarotene agents prebention lung Beta-carotene and cancer prevention Beta-carotene and cancer prevention 20 years ago, Alleviate water retention were Beta-caortene as potential chemopreventive agents aand lung from epidemiologic preventlon showing an inverse correlation between vitamin A blood levels and lung cancer 4. Beta carotene a precursor of vitamin A is found in deep yellow, orange, or dark green fruits and vegetables such as carrots, peaches, apricots, spinach, and broccoli. It is an antioxidant which may protect the critical cellular macromolecules from oxidative damage. In human "biomarker" studies, retinoids have reversed preneoplastic bronchial lesions induced by cigarette smoking 5 and reduced the incidence of micronuclei in buccal smear cells 6 and in sputum cells 7 ; however, no reduction in sputum atypia was found in a randomized intervention trial with former asbestos workers 8.Video
8 Ways To Prevent Cancer: Eat a healthy diet
Beta-carotene and cancer prevention -
Woutersen RA, van Garderen-Hoetmer A Cancer Lett — Colacchio TA, Memoli VA, Hiderbrandt L Antioxidants vs. carotenoids: inhibitors or promoters of experimental colorectal cancers. Jones RC, Sugie S, Brodey J, Weisburger JH Dietary beta-carotene in rat models of gastrointestinal cancer.
J Nutr — PubMed CAS Google Scholar. Imaida K, Hirose M, Yamaguchi S, Takahashi S, Ito N Effects of naturally occurring antioxidants on combined 1,2-dimethylhydrazine- and 1-methylnitrosourea-initiated carcinogenesis in F male rats. Cancer Lett — Moreno FS, Rizzi MR, Dagli ML, Penteado MV Inhibitory effects of beta-carotene on preneoplastic lesions induced in Wistar rats by the resistant hepatocyte model.
Carcinogenesis — Sarkar A, Mukherjee B, Chatterjee M Inhibitory effect of beta-carotene on chronic 2-acetylamino-fluorine induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rat: reflection in hepatic drug metabolism.
Carcinogenesis — Int J Cancer — Epstein JH Effects of beta-carotene on ultraviolet induced cancer formation in the hairless mouse skin.
Photochem Photobiol — Mathews-Roth MM Antitumor activity of beta-carotene, canthaxanthin and phytoene. Oncology — Temple NJ, Basu TK Protective effect of beta-carotene against colon tumors in mice. J Natl Cancer Inst — Santamaria L, Bianchi A, Arraboldi A, Ravelto C Bianchi L, Pizzala R, Andreoni L, Santagati G, Bermond P Chemoprevention of indirect and direct chemical carcinogenesis by carotenoids as oxygen radical quenchers.
Ann NY Acad Sci — Lambert LA, Koch WH, Warner WG, Kornhauser A Antitumor activity in skin of SKH and Senear mice by two dietary beta-carotene formulations. Suda D, Schwartz J, Shklar G Inhibition of experimental oral carcinogenesis by topical beta-carotene.
Schwartz J, Suda D, Light G Beta-carotene is associated with the regression of hamster buccal pouch carcinoma and the induction of tumor necrosis factor in macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun — Schwartz J, Shklar G Regression of experimental hamster cancer by beta-carotene and algae extracts.
Oral Maxillofac Surg — Article CAS Google Scholar. Beems RB The effect of beta-carotene on BP-induced respiratory tract tumors in hamsters. Schwartz Y, Shklar G, Reid S, Trickier D Prevention of experimental oral cancer by extracts of Spirulina-Dunaliella algae.
Schwartz J, Shklar G Regression of experimental oral carcinomas by local injections of beta carotene and canthaxanthin. Schwartz JL, Sloane D, Shklar G Prevention and inhibition of oral cancer in the hamster buccal pouch model associated with carotenoid immune enhancement.
Tumour Biol — Shklar G, Schwarta J, Trickier D, Reid S Regression of experimental cancer by oral administration of combined alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene.
Gijare PS, Rao KV, Bhide SV Modulatory effects of snuff, retinoic acid, and beta-carotene on DMBA-induced hamster check pouch carcinogenesis in relation to keratin expression. Basu TK, Temple NJ, Hodgson AM Vitamin A, beta-carotene and cancer. In: Tryfiates GP, Prasad KN eds Nutrition, growth and cancer.
Liss, New York, pp — Google Scholar. Burton GW, Ingold KV Beta-carotene and unusual type of lipid antioxidant. Science — Canfield CM, Forage JW, Valenzuela JG Carotenoids as cellular antioxidants.
Proc Soc Exp Biol Med — Zhang LX, Cooney RV, Bertram JS Carotenoids up-regulate connexin 43 gene expression independent of provitamin A or antioxidant properties.
Cancer Res — Fujii Y, Sakamoto S, Ben-Amotz A, Nagasawa H Effects of beta-carotene rich algae, Dunaliella bardanil , on the dynamic changes of normal and neoplastic mammary cells and general metabolism in mice. Anticancer Res — Basu TK, Temple NJ, Ng J Effect of dietary beta-carotene on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in mice.
J Clin Biochem Nutr — Bendich A Beta-carotene and the immune response. Proc Nutr Soc — Tomita Y, Himeno K, Nomoto K, Endo H, Hirohata T Augmentation of tumor immunity against syngeneic tumors in mice by beta-carotene.
J Natl Cancer Inst — Bertram JS, Bortkiewicz H Dietary canotenoids inhibit neoplastic transformation and modulate gene expression in mouse and human cells. Am J Clin Nutr SS. Bjelke E Dietary vitamin A and lung cancer.
MacLennan R, DaCosta J, Day NE, Law CH, Ng YK, Shanmugaratnam K Risk factors for lung cancer in Singapore Chinese, a population with high female incidence rates.
Hirayama T Diet and cancer. Mettlin C, Graham S, Swanson M Vitamin A and lung cancer. Gregor A, Lee PN, Roe FJC Comparison of dietary histories in lung cancer cases and controls with special references to vitamin A. Shekelle R, Liu S, Raynor W, Lepper M, Maliza C, Rossof A, Paul O, Shryock A, Stamler J Dietary vitamin A and risk of cancer in the Western Electric study.
Lancet — Kolonel LN, Nomura AMY, Hinds MW, Hirohata T, Hanking H Role of diet in cancer incidence in Hawaii. Cancer Res S—S.
Kuale G, Bjelke E, Gart JJ Dietary habits and lung cancer risk. Byers T, Vena J, Mettlin C, Swanson M, Graham S Dietary vitamin A and lung cancer risk, an analysis by histologic subtypes. Am J Epidemiol — Hinds MW, Kolonel LN, Hankin JH, Lee J Dietary vitamin A, carotene, vitamin C and risk of lung cancer in Hawaii.
Willett W, Polk BF, Underwood B, Stampfer MJ, Pressel S, Rosner B, Taylor J, Schneider K, Harnes CG Relations of serum vitamin A and E and carotenoids to the risk of cancer. N Engl J Med — Sanet JM, Skipper BJ, Humble CG, Pathak DR Lung cancer risk and vitamin A consumption in New Mexico.
Am Rev Respir Dis — Wu AH, Henderson BE, Pike MC, Yo MC Smoking and other risk factors for lung cancer in women. Nomura AM, Stemmerman G, Heilbrun LK, Salkeld RM, Vuilleumier JP Serum vitamin levels and the risk of cancer of specific sites in Hawaiian males of Japanese ancestry.
Menkes MS, Comstock GW, Vuilleumeri JP, Helsing KJ, Rider AA, Brookmeyer R Serum beta-carotene, vitamins A and E, selenium, and the risk of lung cancer.
Pisani P, Berrino F, Macaluso M, Pastorino V, Crosignani P, Baldassaroni A Carrots, green vegetables and lung cancer: a case control study. Int J Epidemiol — Ziegler RG, Mason TY, Stemhagen A, Hoover R, Schoenberg JB, Gridley G, Virgo P, Fravmeni J Carotenoid intake, vegetables, and the risk of lung cancer among white men in New Jersey.
Bond GG, Thompson FE, Cook RR Dietary vitamin A and lung cancer: results of a case-control study among chemical workers. Byers TE, Graham S, Haughey BP, Marshall JR, Swanson MK Diet and lung cancer risk: findings from the western New York diet study. Gey KF, Brubacher GB, Stahelin HB Plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins in relation to ischemic heart disease and cancer.
Am J Clin Nutr — Humble CG, Samet JM, Skipper BE Use of quantified and frequency indices of vitamin A intake in a case-control study of lung cancer. Kromhout D Essential micronutrients in relation to carcinogenesis.
Paganini-Hill A, Chao A, Ross RK, Henderson BE Vitamin A, beta-carotene, and the risk of cancer: a prospective study. Pastorino V, Pisani P, Berrino F, Andreoli C, Barbieri A, Costa A, Manzzoleni C, Gramegna H, Marubini E Vitamin A and female lung cancer: a case control study on plasma and diet.
Fontham ETH, Pickle LW, Haenszel W, Correa P, Lin Y, Falk RT Dietary vitamins A and C and lung cancer risk in Louisiana. Cancer — Hoist PA, Kromhout D, Brand R For debate: pet birds as an independent risk factor for lung cancer.
BMJ — Koo LC Dietary habits and lung cancer risk among Chinese females in Hong Kong who never smoked. Wald NJ, Thompson SG, Densem JW, Boreham J, Bailey A Serum beta-carotene and subsequent risk of cancer; results from the BUPA study. Br J Cancer — Connett JE, Kuller LH, Kjelsberg MO, Polk BF, Colins G, Rider A, Hulley SB Relationship between carotenoids and cancer: the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial MRFIT study.
Kune GA, Kune S, Watson LF, Pierce R, Field B, Vitetta L, Merenstein D, Hayes A, Irving L Serum levels of beta-carotene, vitamin A and zinc in male lung cancer cases and controls. Mettline Milk drinking, other beverage habits, and lung cancer risk. LeMarchand L, Yoshizawa CN, Kolonel LN, Hankin JH, Goodman MT Vegetable consumption and lung cancer risk: a population-based case-control study in Hawaii.
Dartiques JF, Dabis F, Gros N, Moise A, Bois G, Salamon R, Dilhuydy JM, Courty G Dietary vitamin A, beta-carotene and risk of epidermoid lung cancer in south-western France.
Eur J Epidemiol — Jain M, Burch JD, Hower GR, Risch HA, Miller AB Dietary factors and risk of lung cancer: results from a case-control study, Toronto, — Kenkt P, Aromaa A, Maatela J, Aaraan RK, Nikkari T, Hakama M, Hakulinen T, Peto R, Teppo L Serum vitamin A and subsequent risk of cancer: cancer incidence follow-up of the Finnish Mobile Health Examination Survey.
Comstock GW, Helzlsouer KJ, Bush TL Prediagnostic serum levels of carotenoids and vitamin E as related to subsequent cancer in Washington County, Maryland. Am J Clin Nutr S—S. Harris RW, Key TJ, Silcocks PB, Bull D, Wald NJ A case-control study of dietary carotene in men with lung cancer and in men with other epithelial cancers.
Knekt P, Jarvinen R, Seppanen R, Rissanen A, Aromaa A, Heinonen OP, Albanes D, Heinonen M, Pukkala E, Teppo L Dietary antioxidants and the risk of lung cancer. Orentreich N, Matias JR, Vogelman JH, Salked RM, Bhagavan H, Friedman GP The predicitive value of serum beta-carotene for subsequent development of lung cancer.
Chow WH, Schuman LM, McLaughlin JK, Bjelke E, Gridely G, Wacholder S, Chien HT, Blot WJ A cohort study of tobacco use, diet, occupation and lung cancer mortality. Cancer Causes Control — Shibata A, Paganini-Hill A, Ross RK, Henderson BE Intake of vegetables, fruits, beta-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin supplements and cancer incidence among the elderly: a prospective study.
Swanson CA, Mao BL, Li JY, Lubin JH, Yao SX, Wang JZ, Cai SK, Hou Y, Luo QS, Blot WJ Dietary determinants of lung cancer risk: results from a case-control study in Yunnan Province, China. Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group The effect of vitamin E and beta-carotene and other cancers in male smokers.
Hong WK, Itri LM Retinoids and human cancer. In: Sporn MB, Roberts AB, Goodman DS eds The retinoids: biology, chemistry and medicine.
Raven, New York, pp — Editors Carotenoid news, vol 6, no 1. Carotenoid Research Interactive Group CARIG , Chicago. Brown LM, Blot WJ, Schuman SH Environmental factors and high risk of esophageal cancer among men in coastal South Carolina.
Ziegler RG Vegetables, fruits, and carotenoids and risk of cancer. McLarty JW, Holiday DB, Girard WM, Yanagihara RH, Kummet TD, Greenberg SD Beta-carotene, vitamin A and lung cancer chemoprevention: results of an intermediate endpoint study.
Blot WJ, Li JY, Taylor PR, Gou W, Dawsey SM, Li B The Linxian trials: mortality rates by vitamin-mineral intervention group. Faruque MO, Khan MR, Rahman MM, Ahmed F Relationship between smoking and antioxidant nutrient status. Br J Nutr — Garewal HS Beta-carotene and vitamin E in oral cancer prevention.
J Cell Biochem Suppl 17F— Poppel G, Kok FJ, Hermus RJ Beta-carotene supplementation in smokers reduces the frequency of micronuclei in sputum. Article PubMed Google Scholar. Download references. Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada.
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Kakyo-ku, Kyoto, , Japan. Hajime Ohigashi Ph. Professor Professor. Department of Applied Biological Sciences Faculty of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, , Japan.
Toshihiko Osawa Ph. Lipid Science Laboratory, National Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan.
Junji Terao Ph. Head Head. Nutrition and Epidemiology, Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo , Japan.
Shaw Watanabe M. First Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto , Japan. Toshikazu Yoshikawa M. by Vainio H. Beta carotene, vitamin A, and its synthetic and naturally occurring analogues, the retinoids, have attracted wide interest as possible chemopreventive agents against lung cancer Some 20 years ago, they were identified as potential chemopreventive agents in lung from epidemiologic data showing an inverse correlation between vitamin A blood levels and lung cancer 4.
Beta carotene a precursor of vitamin A is found in deep yellow, orange, or dark green fruits and vegetables such as carrots, peaches, apricots, spinach, and broccoli. It is an antioxidant which may protect the critical cellular macromolecules from oxidative damage.
In human "biomarker" studies, retinoids have reversed preneoplastic bronchial lesions induced by cigarette smoking 5 and reduced the incidence of micronuclei in buccal smear cells 6 and in sputum cells 7 ; however, no reduction in sputum atypia was found in a randomized intervention trial with former asbestos workers 8.
Strong evidence exists that diets high in fruit and vegetables are protective against cancer, lung cancer in particular 9. The results of epidemiologic studies consistently show that high intake of fruits and vegetables that are rich in carotenoids has been associated with a decreased risk of cancer at a number of common sites 7, 9.
The association is the most consistent for lung cancer and stomach cancer, and the least consistent for breast, prostate, esophageal, and oral cancer. The results of prospective studies show a remarkable consistency for the association of increased lung cancer risk with either an infrequent consumption of dark green and yellow fruits and vegetables, low levels of dietary carotenoids, or low plasma beta carotene levels.
Primary prevention of cancer refers to the elimination or avoidance of exposure to carcinogens. It is the first and, in many instances, the most important and only practical form of prevention However, during the last decade there has been increasing interest in "chemoprevention" ie, using specific natural or synthetic chemicals to reverse, suppress, or prevent the process of carcinogenesis 4, A particular aspect of chemoprevention is the "intervention trial.
In the last decennium, several intervention trials were initiated to see if the supplementation of vitamins or micronutrients for subjects at high risk of cancer could be effective in decreasing the risk.
Such studies have been done among smokers ATBC study and highly asbestos-exposed workers CARET study and in groups with a high risk of developing epithelial tumors of the respiratory tract. In these studies, beta carotene has been particularly popular as a chemopreventive agent.
Investigators conducting the Beta Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial CARET in the United States, a large study of the combination of beta carotene and vitamin A as preventive agents for lung cancer among high-risk men and women, terminated the intervention in January after an average of four years of treatment and told the 18 participants to stop taking their vitamins.
Interim study results had indicated that the supplements provided no benefit and may be causing harm.
The CARET study was carried out in six areas of the United States. One-half of the CARET participants took a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A, and the other half took inactive placebos.
The dose of beta carotene in CARET was 30 mg·d-1 which is equivalent to 50 IU of vitamin A or about five medium-sized carrots. Vitamin A was given as retinyl palmitate in a dose of IU These interim results were similar to those published earlier from the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene ATBC Lung Cancer Prevention Trial carried out in Finland In the ATBC study, more than 29 middle-aged male smokers were randomly assigned to 50 mg of alpha tocopherol, 20 mg of beta carotene, both, or a placebo daily for five to eight years.
With regard to lung cancer, which was the primary specified end point, the trial failed to detect any significant protective effect of either of the vitamins. However, when the placebo group was divided according to quartiles with regard to serum beta carotene concentration, the incidence of lung cancer was higher among the subjects in the lowest quartile group rather than among those in the highest.
A third large intervention trial, carried out among 28 male physicians in the United States, ended on schedule, at the end of The daily dose of beta carotene used in the ATBC study 20 mg increased the serum concentrations of beta carotene more than fold.
Beta-carotene and cancer prevention about the flu shotCOVID vaccine Beta-carotene and cancer prevention, and our masking policy ». View the cajcer to our visitor policy Bega-carotene. View Fast metabolism diet for Guest Services ». Access your health information from any device with MyHealth. You can message your clinic, view lab results, schedule an appointment, and pay your bill. Learn More about MyHealth » Learn More about Video Visits ». Get the iPhone MyHealth app » Get the Android MyHealth app ».
Wacker, Ihre Phrase wird nützlich sein
Zu diesem Thema sagen es kann lange.