Calcium and nerve function -
However, calcium entry can initiate a stereotyped injury response. Injured cells release potassium and neurotransmitters that depolarize neighboring cells and cause further calcium entry.
Free radical and phospholipase attack of membranes cause lipid peroxidation, generating more free radicals and releasing arachidonic acid. Cyclo-oxygenase and lipo-oxygenase convert arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and leukotrienes, eicosanoids that cause edema and vasoconstriction.
Why have neurons, the longest-lived and most important cells of the body, evolved these elaborate autodestructive mechanisms? The calcium-activated injury response may serve a protective purpose. Prevention of oxaliplatin-related neurotoxicity by calcium and magnesium infusions: a retrospective study of patients receiving oxaliplatin combined with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin for advanced colorectal cancer.
Clin Cancer Res. Wu, Z, Ouyang, J, He, Z, and Zhang, S. Infusion of calcium and magnesium for oxaliplatin-induced sensory neurotoxicity in colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Eur J Cancer. Loprinzi, CL, Qin, R, Dakhil, SR, Fehrenbacher, L, Flynn, KA, Atherton, P, et al. J Clin Oncol. Xu, XT, Dai, ZH, Xu, Q, Qiao, YQ, Gu, Y, Nie, F, et al. Safety and efficacy of calcium and magnesium infusions in the chemoprevention of oxaliplatin-induced sensory neuropathy in gastrointestinal cancers.
J Dig Dis. Wesselink, E, Winkels, RM, van Baar, H, Geijsen, AJMR, van Zutphen, M, van Halteren, HK, et al. Dietary intake of magnesium or calcium and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in colorectal cancer patients.
Yan, Y, Shen, F-Y, Agresti, M, Zhang, L-L, Matloub, HS, LoGiudice, JA, et al. Best time window for the use of calcium-modulating agents to improve functional recovery in injured peripheral nerves-an experiment in rats.
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Effects of calcium and magnesium on peripheral nerve conduction. Pol J Pharmacol. Siesjö, BK. Calcium and cell death. Yamanaka, R, Shindo, Y, and Oka, K. Magnesium is a key player in neuronal maturation and neuropathology. Int J Mol Sci. Romero, PJ, and Whittam, R.
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Functional characteristics and therapeutic potential of SLC41 transporters. J Pharmacol Sci. Del Arco, A, González-Moreno, L, Pérez-Liébana, I, Juaristi, I, González-Sánchez, P, Contreras, L, et al.
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Citation: Wu Z, Yang X, Ruan Z, Li L, Wu J and Wang B Nonlinear relationship between dietary calcium and magnesium intake and peripheral neuropathy in the general population of the United States. Received: 01 June ; Accepted: 07 September ; Published: 18 September Copyright © Wu, Yang, Ruan, Li, Wu and Wang.
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No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. com ; Jianlin Wu, wujianlin Micronutrient Metabolism: Molecular Pathways and Pharmacology. Open supplemental data Export citation EndNote Reference Manager Simple TEXT file BibTex.
Check for updates. ORIGINAL RESEARCH article. Introduction Peripheral neuropathy PN is marked by various symptoms associated with sensory and motor dysfunction, like numbness, pain, burning sensation, and muscle atrophy 1. Methods Data source The NHANES is a nationwide survey organized by the National Center for Health Statistics NCHS in the US.
Figure 1. Flow chart of the study. Table 1. Baseline characteristics of all subjects. Figure 2. Restrictive cubic spline of dietary calcium intake and peripheral neuropathy. Figure 3. Restrictive cubic spline of dietary magnesium intake and peripheral neuropathy.
Table 5. Threshold effect analysis. CCR PubMed Abstract CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. sp PubMed Abstract CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. bd PubMed Abstract CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. Keywords: calcium, magnesium, peripheral neuropathy, restricted cubic spline, nonlinear relationship Citation: Wu Z, Yang X, Ruan Z, Li L, Wu J and Wang B Nonlinear relationship between dietary calcium and magnesium intake and peripheral neuropathy in the general population of the United States.
Edited by: Mahban Rahimifard , Tehran University of Medical Sciences TUMS , Iran. Reviewed by: Ge Luo , Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China Takahisa Deguchi , Kagoshima University, Japan.
Several literature reviews on the topic of total calcium intake, from food and supplements, and blood pressure have suggested a possible link to lowering high blood pressure. However, problems with study designs in these analyses small numbers of participants, differences among the people studied, and various biases in the types of studies included prevent a new recommendation for the treatment of high blood pressure that would increase calcium intake above the Recommended Dietary Allowance.
Some research has raised concerns about calcium supplements and heart health. These studies found that taking calcium supplements increased the risk of cardiovascular events in men and women. It has been suggested that high-dose supplements can cause hypercalcemia toxic level of calcium in the blood that can cause blood to clot or the arteries to harden, leading to cardiovascular disease.
The connection is not yet clear, but a clinical guideline published after review of the available research from the National Osteoporosis Foundation and the American Society for Preventive Cardiology stated that calcium from food or supplements has no relationship beneficial or harmful to cardiovascular disease in generally healthy adults.
The guideline advises people not to exceed the Upper Limit for calcium, that is, 2,, mg daily from food and supplements. Calcium is one of the most important nutrients required for bone health.
Bone is living tissue that is always in flux. Throughout the lifespan, bones are constantly being broken down and built up in a process known as remodeling. Bone cells called osteoblasts build bone, while other bone cells called osteoclasts break down bone if calcium is needed. In healthy individuals who get enough calcium and physical activity, bone production exceeds bone destruction up to about age After that, destruction typically exceeds production.
Women tend to experience greater bone loss than men later in life due to menopause, a condition that lowers the amount of hormones that help to build and preserve bone. Getting enough dietary calcium at all ages may help to slow the degree of bone loss, but calcium intakes at any level are not known to completely prevent bone loss.
Studies on calcium intake and bone density in postmenopausal women have mixed results. Possible reasons:. Because the results of some large trials found that higher calcium intakes usually achieved with a supplement was associated with improved bone density and slightly lower risk of hip fractures, the RDA for calcium for postmenopausal women is higher than at younger ages.
A review of randomized controlled trials by the U. Preventive Services Task Force did not find that supplements with calcium and vitamin D taken for up to 7 years reduced the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal women.
These women did not have osteoporosis or a vitamin D deficiency at the start of the study and lived independently in the community. The amount of calcium of the supplements ranged from , mg daily.
However, randomized controlled trials using calcium supplements, with our without vitamin D, have shown mixed results.
One reason may be a fairly short duration. Due to higher cost and difficulty with continued compliance from participants, clinical trials tend to be shorter in duration than epidemiological studies.
But colorectal cancer can take years or longer to develop, during which these trials might not reflect any changes in the colon. After a review of both cohort and clinical studies by the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research, they reported strong evidence that calcium supplements of more than mg daily and intake of high-calcium dairy foods will likely decrease the risk of colorectal cancer.
Certain bacteria in dairy foods may also be protective against the development of cancerous cells in the colon. At one time, experts recommended that people with kidney stones limit their calcium intake because the mineral makes up one of the most common types of stones, called calcium-oxalate stones.
What we know now is the reverse—that not eating enough calcium-rich foods can increase the risk of stone formation. However the same effect is not true with supplements, as calcium in pill form was found to increase risk.
A benefit of calcium-rich foods mainly from dairy on the prevention of kidney stones was found in a cohort of 45, men. Intakes of skim or low-fat milk and cottage cheese or ricotta cheese showed the greatest protective effect.
It is believed that calcium-rich foods reduce the formation of stones by lowering the absorption of oxalates, which make up calcium-oxalate stones.
However, other undetermined components of dairy foods may also be responsible for the decreased risk. Fruits, leafy greens, beans, nuts, and some starchy vegetables are good sources. Plant foods like leafy greens contain less calcium overall but have a higher bioavailability than dairy.
Therefore, eating 1 cup of cooked bok choy has almost as much bioavailable calcium as 1 cup of milk. This may be useful information for those who cannot eat dairy foods or who follow a vegan diet. The takeaway message is not to avoid spinach, which contains other valuable nutrients, but not to rely on spinach as a significant source of calcium since most of it will not be absorbed by the body.
If you are scanning food labels to reach a specific amount of daily calcium, continue to aim for the RDAs set for your age group and gender. The RDAs are established with an understanding of calcium bioavailability in food. Also keep in mind that the exact amount of calcium absorbed in the body will vary among individuals based on their metabolism and what other foods are eaten at the same meal.
In general, eating a variety of calcium-rich foods can help to offset any small losses.
They play an important role Calckum signal transduction pathways, Calcium and nerve function [3] where they Functio as a fuhction messengerFreshly Squeezed Orange neurotransmitter release from mervein contraction of all muscle cell types, and in fertilization. Many Optimal nutrition for aging neerve calcium ions as a cofactorincluding several of the coagulation factors. Extracellular calcium is also important for maintaining the potential difference across excitable cell membranesas well as proper bone formation. Plasma calcium levels in mammals are tightly regulated, [2] [3] with bone acting as the major mineral storage site. Calcium is transported through the bloodstream as dissolved ions or bound to proteins such as serum albumin. Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D 3promotes absorption of calcium from the intestines and bones. Mental acuity supplements Medicine investigators have discovered that specific calcium channels help regulate functiin differences in the functioning of immune cells for neuroinflammation and overall Calciim pain, according funciton findings published in Science Advances. Murali Prakriya, PhDthe Magerstadt Professor Energy balance and overall health improvement Pharmacology nedve Energy balance and overall health improvement professor of Medicine in the Division of Allergy and Immunology, was senior author of the study. Microglia are the primary immune cells of the brain and resemble macrophages found in the peripheral immune system. Microglia detect and clear harmful pathogens and dying cells and stimulate other immune cells that ignite effective immune responses in the brain. In addition to their surveillance functions, in healthy brains, microglia also influence the formation of synapses, or connections, between neurons, that impact neural circuits and regulate overall cognitive functions.
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